水平井多封隔器管柱力学分析及安全评价

针对水平井多封隔器管柱在井下多种载荷的共同作用下易引起管柱失效的安全问题,基于力学研究中的多杆件的多次超静定结构,引入力法对多封隔器之间管柱进行受力分析,同时考虑温度效应、活塞效应、鼓胀效应和螺旋屈曲效应的影响,建立考虑多封隔器影响的轴向力数学模型;在此基础上建立多封隔器管柱力学安全强度评价准则和封隔器控制信封失效判断方法,对现场水平井多封隔器管柱进行力学分析和安全评价。研究结果表明,建立的考虑多封隔器影响的轴向力数学模型计算结果大于常规不考虑多封隔器影响时轴向力,若不考虑多封隔器的影响将低估多封隔器管柱的轴向力,而造成管柱受力危险;同时对管柱危险位置和封隔器进行安全评价,得到了酸化作业时油压和套压的综合控制参数,以期为水平井多封隔器管柱安全工作参数的优化设计提供理论依据。

基于环空带压临界值确定高温高压气井临界产量

高温高压气井环空带压现象日益严重,环空带压过大可能破坏井筒的完整性,基于能量守恒定律和井筒径向传热机理,建立了井筒多环空温度场计算模型;综合考虑环空温度效应和体积效应,建立了环空带压控制方程,以某高温高压气井为例,开展了基于环空带压临界值确定高温高压气井临界产量的具体分析。研究结果表明:环空温度随产量和生产时间的增大先增加后逐渐稳定,相比生产时间,产量对环空温度的影响更加明显;环空带压越大,井下管柱安全系数越小,综合对比API RP 90标准和环空带压安全评价2种方法的结果,确定了各环空最大允许带压值,结合环空带压与产量的关系可得到高温高压气井的临界产量。研究结果对合理制定高温高压气井的生产制度具有理论指导意义。

Nuclear magnetic resonance T_2 spectrum:multifractal characteristics and pore structure evaluation

Pore structure characteristics are important to oil and gas exploration in complex low-permeability reservoirs. Using multifractal theory and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, we studied the pore structure of low-permeability sandstone rocks from the 4th Member （Es4） of the Shahejie Formation in the south slope of the Dongying Sag. We used the existing pore structure data from petrophysics, core slices, and mercury injection tests to classify the pore structure into three categories and five subcategories. Then, the T2 spectra of samples with different pore structures were interpolated, and the one- and three-dimensional fractal dimensions and the multifractal spectrum were obtained. Parameters a （intensity of singularity） andf（a） （density of distribution） were extracted from the multifractal spectra. The differences in the three fractal dimensions suggest that the pore structure types correlate with a andf（a）. The results calculated based on the multifractal spectrum is consistent with that of the core slices and mercury injection. Finally, the proposed method was applied to an actual logging profile to evaluate the pore structure of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.

Marchenko imaging based on self-adaptive traveltime updating

Marchenko imaging obtains the subsurface reflectors using one-way Green’s functions,which are retrieved by solving the Marchenko equation.This method generates an image that is free of spurious artifacts due to internal multiples.The Marchenko imaging method is a target-oriented technique;thus,it can image a user specified area.In the traditional Marchenko method,an accurate velocity model is critical for estimating direct waves from imaging points to the surface.An error in the velocity model results in the inaccurate estimation of direct waves.In turn,this leads to errors in computation of one-way Green’s functions,which then affects the final Marchenko images.To solve this problem,in this paper,we propose a self-adaptive traveltime updating technique based on the principle of equal traveltime to improve the Marchenko imaging method.The proposed method calculates the time shift of direct waves caused by the error in the velocity model,and corrects the wrong direct wave according to the time shift and reconstructs the correct Green’s functions.The proposed method improves the results of imaging using an inaccurate velocity model.By comparing the results from traditional Marchenko and the new method using synthetic data experiments,we demonstrated that the adaptive traveltime updating Marchenko imaging method could restore the image of geological structures to their true positions.