当今社会,科学技术相应地带来轻重工业的发展,并且,相较于几百年前来说,人口的增长也不容忽视。生活生产垃圾逐渐超过某一地区甚至全球的环境承载量,环境容量已岌岌可危。于是,在面对较严重的环境侵权时,理应有相应主体来承担责任,这个...当今社会,科学技术相应地带来轻重工业的发展,并且,相较于几百年前来说,人口的增长也不容忽视。生活生产垃圾逐渐超过某一地区甚至全球的环境承载量,环境容量已岌岌可危。于是,在面对较严重的环境侵权时,理应有相应主体来承担责任,这个责任,既包括民事责任,也包括刑事责任和行政责任。本文只选取惩罚性环境民事责任展开论述。能体现惩罚性环境民事责任的原则以及具体的责任类型有许多,本文只涉及惩罚性赔偿和无过错责任。并对这两者的立法理念以及司法应用进行分析讨论。In today’s society, science and technology have correspondingly brought about the development of light and heavy industries. Moreover, compared with several hundred years ago, the growth of the population cannot be ignored. Domestic garbage production gradually exceeds the environmental carrying capacity of a certain region or even the whole world, and the environmental capacity is in danger. Therefore, in the face of serious environmental torts, there should be a corresponding subject to bear the responsibility, which includes civil liability, criminal liability and administrative liability. Only punitive environmental civil liability is discussed here. There are many principles and specific liability types that can reflect punitive environmental civil liability. In this article, only punitive damages and no-fault liability are examples. And the legislative idea and judicial application of these two are analyzed and discussed.展开更多
体育经纪人是随着现代职业体育市场的发展而产生的新兴职业。作为职业体育市场发展的行为主体之一,体育经纪人对未来体育事业的发展也有着不可忽略的作用。当前我国体育经纪人行业还处于“野蛮生长”阶段,部分省市就此出台了管理方案,...体育经纪人是随着现代职业体育市场的发展而产生的新兴职业。作为职业体育市场发展的行为主体之一,体育经纪人对未来体育事业的发展也有着不可忽略的作用。当前我国体育经纪人行业还处于“野蛮生长”阶段,部分省市就此出台了管理方案,相关法律和管理体系有待完善。对此,文章通过文献检索法、比较研究法等研究方法,对比研究了国外体育经纪人制度发展的过程,在论证其经验可行性的基础上,明确我国体育经纪人制度的完善应当从法律空白的填补和管理体系的形成两方面着力。Sports agent is an emerging profession with the development of modern professional sports market. As one of the main actors in the development of the professional sports market, sports agents have a role to play in the future development of sports. At present, China’s sports agent industry is still in the “wild growth” stage, some provinces and cities have introduced management programs, and the relevant laws and management systems need to be improved. In this regard, the article through the literature search method, comparative research method and other research methods, comparative study of the development of foreign sports brokerage system, based on the feasibility of its experience, clear that the improvement of China’s sports brokerage system should be from the legal gaps to fill and the formation of the management system of the two aspects of efforts.展开更多
上世纪七十年代,国际社会通过了第一部规定环境影响评价的国际性文件,但其中涉及海洋环评规则的条目较少。BBNJ国际协定作为《联合国海洋法公约》下的第三个执行协定,是当前国际海洋法领域最为热门的立法进程,但各国并未就该协定达成一...上世纪七十年代,国际社会通过了第一部规定环境影响评价的国际性文件,但其中涉及海洋环评规则的条目较少。BBNJ国际协定作为《联合国海洋法公约》下的第三个执行协定,是当前国际海洋法领域最为热门的立法进程,但各国并未就该协定达成一致。当下,BBNJ国际协定环评规则构建面临着筛选机制的确认和管理体制的选择两大问题,本文将从明确基本概念、规范执行和决策机制、建立公众参与制度和监督机制三方面来完善BBNJ国际协定环评规则,进而提出推进BBNJ环评规则构建的中国方案。In the 1970s, the international community adopted the first international document stipulating environmental impact assessment, but there were fewer entries involving marine EIA rules. The BBNJ International Agreement, as the third implementing agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is the most popular legislative process in the field of international law of the sea at the present time, but the countries have not reached an agreement on the agreement. Nowadays, the construction of the EIA rules of BBNJ International Agreement faces two major problems, namely, the confirmation of the screening mechanism and the selection of the management system. In this paper, we will improve the EIA rules of BBNJ International Agreement by clarifying the basic concepts, regulating the implementation and decision-making mechanisms, and establishing the public participation system and the supervision mechanism, and then put forward the Chinese proposal to promote the construction of the EIA rules of BBNJ.展开更多
《民法典》第1088条规定了离婚经济补偿制度,其肯定了家务劳动的价值。但生育劳动作为重要的家庭劳动,离婚经济补偿制度却未曾明确离婚时生育成本的分担。在离婚经济制度中明确生育补偿,肯定从事家庭生育劳动的个体的投入,在婚姻家庭内...《民法典》第1088条规定了离婚经济补偿制度,其肯定了家务劳动的价值。但生育劳动作为重要的家庭劳动,离婚经济补偿制度却未曾明确离婚时生育成本的分担。在离婚经济制度中明确生育补偿,肯定从事家庭生育劳动的个体的投入,在婚姻家庭内部实现生育成本的分担,这对于激励个体积极投入生育劳动,巩固夫妻双方关系、促进婚姻家庭建设、缓解目前我国生育困境意义非凡。通过探析离婚生育补偿的请求权基础以及离婚生育补偿的标准衡量问题,期以离婚生育补偿制度,正确衡量夫妻双方在婚姻存续过程中的成本和收益,端正社会对女性生育的态度,构建良好的婚姻家庭环境。Article 1088 of the “Civil Code” stipulates the divorce economic compensation system, which affirms the value of housework. However, as reproductive labor is an important family labor, the divorce economic compensation system has not clearly defined the sharing of reproductive costs in the divorce economic system. Clarifying maternity compensation in the divorce economic system, affirming the input of individuals engaged in family reproductive labor, and realizing the sharing of reproductive costs within the marriage and family, which is significant for encouraging individuals to actively participate in reproductive labor, consolidating the relationship between husband and wife, promoting the construction of marriage and family, and alleviating the present birth dilemma in China. By analyzing the basis of claim rights and the standard measurement of divorce maternity compensation, this paper correctly measures the costs and benefits of both husband and wife in the process of marriage survival through the divorce maternity compensation system, corrects the social attitude towards female fertility, and builds a good marriage and family environment.展开更多
文摘当今社会,科学技术相应地带来轻重工业的发展,并且,相较于几百年前来说,人口的增长也不容忽视。生活生产垃圾逐渐超过某一地区甚至全球的环境承载量,环境容量已岌岌可危。于是,在面对较严重的环境侵权时,理应有相应主体来承担责任,这个责任,既包括民事责任,也包括刑事责任和行政责任。本文只选取惩罚性环境民事责任展开论述。能体现惩罚性环境民事责任的原则以及具体的责任类型有许多,本文只涉及惩罚性赔偿和无过错责任。并对这两者的立法理念以及司法应用进行分析讨论。In today’s society, science and technology have correspondingly brought about the development of light and heavy industries. Moreover, compared with several hundred years ago, the growth of the population cannot be ignored. Domestic garbage production gradually exceeds the environmental carrying capacity of a certain region or even the whole world, and the environmental capacity is in danger. Therefore, in the face of serious environmental torts, there should be a corresponding subject to bear the responsibility, which includes civil liability, criminal liability and administrative liability. Only punitive environmental civil liability is discussed here. There are many principles and specific liability types that can reflect punitive environmental civil liability. In this article, only punitive damages and no-fault liability are examples. And the legislative idea and judicial application of these two are analyzed and discussed.
文摘体育经纪人是随着现代职业体育市场的发展而产生的新兴职业。作为职业体育市场发展的行为主体之一,体育经纪人对未来体育事业的发展也有着不可忽略的作用。当前我国体育经纪人行业还处于“野蛮生长”阶段,部分省市就此出台了管理方案,相关法律和管理体系有待完善。对此,文章通过文献检索法、比较研究法等研究方法,对比研究了国外体育经纪人制度发展的过程,在论证其经验可行性的基础上,明确我国体育经纪人制度的完善应当从法律空白的填补和管理体系的形成两方面着力。Sports agent is an emerging profession with the development of modern professional sports market. As one of the main actors in the development of the professional sports market, sports agents have a role to play in the future development of sports. At present, China’s sports agent industry is still in the “wild growth” stage, some provinces and cities have introduced management programs, and the relevant laws and management systems need to be improved. In this regard, the article through the literature search method, comparative research method and other research methods, comparative study of the development of foreign sports brokerage system, based on the feasibility of its experience, clear that the improvement of China’s sports brokerage system should be from the legal gaps to fill and the formation of the management system of the two aspects of efforts.
文摘上世纪七十年代,国际社会通过了第一部规定环境影响评价的国际性文件,但其中涉及海洋环评规则的条目较少。BBNJ国际协定作为《联合国海洋法公约》下的第三个执行协定,是当前国际海洋法领域最为热门的立法进程,但各国并未就该协定达成一致。当下,BBNJ国际协定环评规则构建面临着筛选机制的确认和管理体制的选择两大问题,本文将从明确基本概念、规范执行和决策机制、建立公众参与制度和监督机制三方面来完善BBNJ国际协定环评规则,进而提出推进BBNJ环评规则构建的中国方案。In the 1970s, the international community adopted the first international document stipulating environmental impact assessment, but there were fewer entries involving marine EIA rules. The BBNJ International Agreement, as the third implementing agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is the most popular legislative process in the field of international law of the sea at the present time, but the countries have not reached an agreement on the agreement. Nowadays, the construction of the EIA rules of BBNJ International Agreement faces two major problems, namely, the confirmation of the screening mechanism and the selection of the management system. In this paper, we will improve the EIA rules of BBNJ International Agreement by clarifying the basic concepts, regulating the implementation and decision-making mechanisms, and establishing the public participation system and the supervision mechanism, and then put forward the Chinese proposal to promote the construction of the EIA rules of BBNJ.
文摘《民法典》第1088条规定了离婚经济补偿制度,其肯定了家务劳动的价值。但生育劳动作为重要的家庭劳动,离婚经济补偿制度却未曾明确离婚时生育成本的分担。在离婚经济制度中明确生育补偿,肯定从事家庭生育劳动的个体的投入,在婚姻家庭内部实现生育成本的分担,这对于激励个体积极投入生育劳动,巩固夫妻双方关系、促进婚姻家庭建设、缓解目前我国生育困境意义非凡。通过探析离婚生育补偿的请求权基础以及离婚生育补偿的标准衡量问题,期以离婚生育补偿制度,正确衡量夫妻双方在婚姻存续过程中的成本和收益,端正社会对女性生育的态度,构建良好的婚姻家庭环境。Article 1088 of the “Civil Code” stipulates the divorce economic compensation system, which affirms the value of housework. However, as reproductive labor is an important family labor, the divorce economic compensation system has not clearly defined the sharing of reproductive costs in the divorce economic system. Clarifying maternity compensation in the divorce economic system, affirming the input of individuals engaged in family reproductive labor, and realizing the sharing of reproductive costs within the marriage and family, which is significant for encouraging individuals to actively participate in reproductive labor, consolidating the relationship between husband and wife, promoting the construction of marriage and family, and alleviating the present birth dilemma in China. By analyzing the basis of claim rights and the standard measurement of divorce maternity compensation, this paper correctly measures the costs and benefits of both husband and wife in the process of marriage survival through the divorce maternity compensation system, corrects the social attitude towards female fertility, and builds a good marriage and family environment.
