活动防雨棚设计与分析

在2022年中央一号文件提出全面实施种业振兴行动方案的背景下,农作物品种测试工作起到的作用愈发关键,活动防雨棚作为一种在品种抗旱性测试中广泛应用的农业设施建筑,目前没有成熟的设计方案,亟需设计上的理论指导。通过对目前国内活动防雨棚的基本类型和结构体系进行归纳总结,以广东省湛江市12 m跨度活动防雨棚设计为分析案例,梳理相关规范的条文及说明,提出设计年限为20年;设计基准期取30年;建筑结构安全等级取三级;结构重要性系数取0.90等建议。建立结构模型进行分析计算,选取合理的构件规格尺寸,统计相应用钢量,提出设计时的注意事项及相应解决方案,为今后活动防雨棚的设计提供借鉴作用。

Development status and prospect of cold chain logistics of fruits,vegetables,and agricultural products based on intelligent technology

The cold chain in the production area of fruits and vegetables is the primary link to reduce product loss and improve product quality,but it is also a weak link.With the application of big data technology in cold chain logistics,intelligent devices,and technologies have become important carriers for improving the efficiency of cold chain logistics in fruit and vegetable production areas,extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables,and reducing fruit and vegetable losses.They have many advantages in fruit and vegetable pre-cooling,sorting and packaging,testing,warehousing,transportation,and other aspects.This article summarizes the rapidly developing and widely used intelligent technologies at home and abroad in recent years,including automated guided vehicle intelligent handling based on electromagnetic or optical technology,intelligent sorting based on sensors,electronic optics,and other technologies,intelligent detection based on computer vision technology,intelligent transportation based on perspective imaging technology,etc.It analyses and studies the innovative research and achievements of various scholars in applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain storage,sorting,detection,transportation,and other links,and improves the efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.However,applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics also faces many problems.The challenges of high cost,difficulty in technological integration,and talent shortages have limited the development of intelligent technology in the field of fruit and vegetable cold chains.To solve the current problems,it is proposed that costs be controlled through independent research and development,technological innovation,and other means to lower the entry threshold for small enterprises.Strengthen integrating intelligent technology and cold chain logistics systems to improve data security and system compatibility.At the same time,the government should introduce relevant policies,provide necessary financial support,and establish talent training mechanisms.Accelerate the development and improvement of intelligent technology standards in the field of cold chain logistics.Through technological innovation,cost control,talent cultivation,and policy guidance,we aim to promote the upgrading of the agricultural industry and provide ideas for improving the quality and efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

“十四五”时期我国农作物品种测试能力建设问题研究

种业是国家战略性、基础性的核心科技产业,农作物品种测试评价工程是保障种业安全的基础工程,因此建设测试体系完善、基础设施良好、运行机制畅通的农作物品种测试评价工程对于加快实现我国种业振兴、乡村振兴和农业农村现代化建设具有重要意义。通过梳理我国现有农作物品种测试体系建设现状,围绕已建成或正在建设的农作物品种测试工程,分析其在基础设施建设条件落后、农业机械化、信息化程度不高、仪器设备配置不全及建成后的管理运行不畅等方面存在的问题。最终结合相关科研院校等建设主体对品种测试工作的具体需求,对“十四五”时期我国建设农作物品种测试工程在规划布局一站式的综合测试中心,提升农作物品种测试能力,合理确定建设规模、重点建设内容、建设投资及管理维护等方面提出相关建议。

高标准农田建后管护工作中存在的问题与对策

通过对我国各省高标准农田建后管护工作开展调研,总结高标准农田建后管护工作中出现的问题和经验做法,以问题为导向,以各地经验做法为参考,结合我国高标准农田管护背景,从组织保障、管护制度、管护模式、资金渠道及管理手段5个方面提出了对策与建议,旨在为优化高标准农田建后管护工作提供有益参考。

农产品(果蔬)产地仓储保鲜冷链设施建设模式研究

农产品产地仓储保鲜冷链设施建设,有利于减少农产品产后损失、改善农产品品质、增强农产品商品化处理能力,进一步推动农产品提质增效和农业绿色发展,对加快乡村振兴战略实施具有重要意义。在梳理部分参考文献、政策文件和标准规范的基础上,结合实地调查与分析,简述果蔬产地仓储保鲜冷链设施建设现状,并从政策环境、行业链条、运行体系、发展基础等方面研究果蔬产地冷链物流建设模式,分析典型地区果蔬产地冷链物流主推模式。总结现阶段果蔬产地仓储保鲜冷链设施建设存在预冷环节缺口较大,专用预冷设备使用率低;冷链设施建设与产业布局不匹配;产地冷链仓储设施利用率低,存在季节性闲置;产地冷链物流各环节专业人员紧缺等问题,提出加强预冷技术推广、优化布局、发展移动式、共享式产地冷库、加强产地复合型人员培养等建议,为果蔬产地仓储保鲜冷链设施建设提供参考。