县域财政压力、信贷行为与农村商业银行风险

随着县域财政压力的加大,县级政府干预金融资源配置导致县域金融市场沦为政府的“第二财政”,对县域金融稳定产生冲击。基于2011-2021年142个农村商业银行经营数据及其所在县域的财政数据,运用多重中介效应模型实证检验县域财政压力对农村商业银行风险的影响。研究结论表明,在财政压力加大的背景下,县级政府主要通过干预农村商业银行的信贷规模和信贷投向,实现对县域内金融资源的配置,进而导致农村商业银行风险增加,即“金融财政化”增加农村商业银行风险。但进一步研究显示,县域财政压力对农村商业银行风险产生影响需要一定的前提,当财政赤字率高于3%的国际安全线或当县域金融市场为寡占型市场时,县域财政压力对农村商业银行风险有显著负面影响,否则影响不显著。此外,由于县级政府作为“看得见的手”在乡村振兴战略实施过程中发挥主导作用,若政府对市场采取激励手段,例如构建县域范围内的信用信息共享机制或“政银保担”联动机制等,县域财政压力虽然会导致农村商业银行信贷规模扩张和房地产贷款占比提升,但农村商业银行风险不升反降,这为乡村振兴背景下财政金融协同发展提供了经验证据。

Analysis of the Decisions of Farmers Working Different Sized Farms to Constantly Use Soil Testing Formula Fertilizer

This paper researches the behavior of using soil testing formula fertilizer at farms of different sizes.The study develops a probit model based on peasant household survey data from 11 grain production areas.The results prove that：First,obvious differences exist in the distribution of formula fertilizer use ratio among farms of different sizes;large-scale farmers are the highest,small-scale farmers are the lowest.Second,from external factors,the increased yield of corn,soil testing services,and information dissemination,it is clear that training has a significant positive effect on farmers’use behavior;the influence of soil testing services is the greatest.Third the higher the degree of organization,marketization and scale of a farm,the more likely the farmer is to use soil testing formula fertilizer.Policy recommendations are made on the basis of the empirical research presented in this paper.