Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Hypertension and Chronic Pain:A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective The extent to which the association between hypertension and chronic pain in observational studies is either causally linked or influenced by other shared risk factors has not been substantially addressed.In the present study,Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed to examine the potential causal relationship between hypertension and risk of chronic pain.Methods The study data were derived from the pooled dataset of the genome-wide association study(GWAS),enabling the evaluation of the causal effects of hypertension on various types of chronic pain including chronic headache as well as chest,abdominal,joint,back,limb,and multisite chronic pain.We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using random effect inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode,quantified by odds ratio(OR).Results Genetically predicted essential hypertension was associated with an increased risk of chronic headache(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.003-1.011,P=0.002)and limb pain(OR=1.219,95%CI:1.033-1.439,P=0.019).No potential causal associations were identified between chronic pain and essential hypertension in the reverse direction MR(P>0.05).In addition,there was no potential causal association between secondary hypertension and chronic pain(P>0.05).Conclusion This study provided genetic evidence that a unidirectional causal relationship exists between essential hypertension and the increased risks of chronic headache and limb pain,and no causal relationship was found between secondary hypertension and chronic pain.These findings offer theoretical underpinnings for future research on managing hypertension and chronic pain.

Anesthesia Management in Hereditary Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma:Updated Insights into Clinical Features and Perioperative Care

Approximately 40%of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL)cases are familial,typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms.This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL.Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes.Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)have a stronger endocrine function,which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery Therefore,pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2.Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)often presents multisystem lesions and can result in dificult airway.Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension.Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma.In summary,hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems,beyond tumor function.A multi-disciplinary team(MDT)approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.

高压液色谱用于肠通透性的测定

目的 建立一种测定肠通透性的可靠方法。方法 以甘露醇和乳果糖为探测剂 ,用带脉冲电化学检测器的高压液相色谱仪对 2 0例健康成人样品中的甘露醇和乳果糖进行检测。结果 2 0个样品中的甘露醇和乳果糖均被检测到 ,其最低质量浓度分别为 0 .2 0 2 8m g/ L 和 0 .1930 mg/ L,回收率分别为 98.2 %和10 4.3%。结论 用带脉冲电化学检测器的高压液相色谱仪测定尿中的甘露醇和乳果糖是一种灵敏度高 ,特异性强 ,操作简单、快速的方法 。

Review of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with Pain-Depression Comorbidity

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD)is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system predominantly targeting optic nerves and the spinal cord.The prevalence of the disease is much higher in Asia than in other parts of the world.Pain can be detected in more than 80%of NMOSD patients,with evoked pain mostly being caused by painful tonic muscle spasms and neuropathic pain as the most characteristic types.Depression is often comorbid with pain,and their comorbidity can severely influence quality of life.In recent years,studies have found considerable overlaps between the mechanisms of pain and depression;however,their association remains unclear.This article reviews the epidemiology,mechanism,evaluation and treatment of paindepression comorbidity in NMOSD patients.

Vocabulary Alignment in the Continuation Task of Translation

Alignment effect in language research refers to the social cognition process in which people cooperate,adjust,and adapt to each other in interaction.Through empirical study,this paper explores alignment effect in the continuation task of translation(CTOT)and its possible influence on learning of English as foreign languge(EFL).The study was carried out by means of a CTOT.Participants were chosen from non-English major freshmen of similar capacity from a university in Guangzhou.They were divided into two groups,the experimental group(EG)and the control group(CG),with 13 students each.The students in EG were asked to carefully read some English-Chinese bilingual material.Then,the 26 participants were tasked with translating the paragraphs,which followed from Chinese into English.After that,they were asked to write down the words and expressions which they found difficult.Some of the participants were interviewed one month later for a deeper understanding of their memories of the vocabulary and their opinions on the CTOT.The data were analyzed by direct comparison and non-parametric test.The results showed that vocabulary alignment does occur in CTOT.The EG members tended to take advantage of words that appeared in the bilingual reading text.If multiple words from the reading appeared,with the same contextual meaning,they tended to choose the repeated words.As for influence of vocabulary alignment on EFL learning,it seemed that CTOT could not improve the quality of the translation itself,but could assist short-term vocabulary learning though no significant help to long-term vocabulary learning was revealed.The findings of this study provide support and explanation for some features and effects of CTOT,an important form of CT.However,the nature of CTOT itself,and its role in EFL learning deserve further research.

3500例婴幼儿泪囊炎的疗效分析

目的总结婴幼儿泪囊炎细菌学特征和临床治疗效果,为此类疾病的治疗提供依据。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象婴幼儿泪囊炎患儿3500例。方法对唐山市妇幼保健院收治的3500例伴或不伴有泪囊扩张的婴幼儿泪囊炎患儿采用三步法治疗:第一步手压法;第二步单次探通法;第三步综合治疗法。并对随机选择的60例患儿的结膜囊分泌物进行细菌培养。观察其治疗效果及细菌学特征。主要指标临床疗效和细菌学特征。结果婴幼儿泪囊炎3500例,98.9%患儿年龄在1岁以内,平均(3.7±0.7)个月。一步法治愈280例(8%);两步法治愈3150例(90%);三步法治疗者7例(2%)。除1例年龄偏大患儿经三步法治疗再次泪道阻塞外所有患儿均治愈,未见再次感染患儿。结膜囊分泌物细菌分析表明,金黄色葡萄球菌、产酸克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌比例为前三位。结论婴幼儿泪囊炎4个月龄内最为常见,多数单眼发病,结膜囊细菌种类复杂,其中以金黄色葡萄球菌、产酸克雷伯氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌为前三位。早期有效的泪道探通联合抗生素滴眼液是治疗婴幼儿泪囊炎的有效手段。

Rapid and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of isochlorogenic acid B in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for determination of isochlorogenic acid B in rat plasma was developed and validated in the present study. Plasma samples were prepared by a simple protein precipitation with methanol containing resveratrol as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-Cjg column (3.5 pm, 2.1 mmx 100 mm, Agilent, USA) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min using methanol/water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) as mobile phase. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with Electronic Spray Ion by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of the transitions at m/z 515.3->352.9 for isochlorogenic acid B and m/z 227.1-143.1 for IS, respectively. The calibration curve of the method was linear over the range of 5-2500 ng/mL (r^2= 0.9982). The intra- and inter-day precisions (R.S.D.%) were less than 12.46%, and the accuracy (R.E.%) was within ±5.80%. Isochlorogenic acid B was sufficiently stable under all relevant analytical conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to the plasma pharmacokinetic studies of isochlorogenic acid B in rats. It was found that isochlorogenic acid B had non-linear pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats within the dosage ranges from 5 to 20 mg/kg.

Significance of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 therapy:progress and prospect

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a serious threat to human life and health all over the world,and COVID-19 is a global epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious,strange and variable.Therefore,the treatment of COVID-19 must be urgent and targeted.However,vaccines and currently used drugs generally do not have the above-mentioned characteristics.Although convalescent plasma of COVID-19 has shown a clinical application value in the emergency treatment of critical patients,it shows great limitations.All human recombinant multivalent neutralizing nano-antibodies may meet the deficiency of COVID-19 therapy.Gene engineering technologies have been used to develop specific neutralizing antibody(nAB)drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 worldwide.Some of the candidate nAB drugs have been entered the clinical trials and can be used for the therapy of COVID-19 shortly.In the present review,we studied and analyzed n ABs for the treatment of COVID-19 and the progress and prospect from the following five aspects:1)The biological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection;2)The feasibility of plasma therapy for convalescents with COVID-19;3)The technical routes of developing n Ab drugs;4)The current status of developing global COVID-19 antibodies;5)The difficulties and clinical use.