羌活(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)是伞形科植物羌活(N.incisum)或宽叶羌活(N.franchetii)的干燥根茎和根,为濒危高原药用植物。考察羌活主产地生态气象因子对其主要化学成分含量的影响,探讨气象因子与羌活品质的关系。应用HPLC方法...羌活(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)是伞形科植物羌活(N.incisum)或宽叶羌活(N.franchetii)的干燥根茎和根,为濒危高原药用植物。考察羌活主产地生态气象因子对其主要化学成分含量的影响,探讨气象因子与羌活品质的关系。应用HPLC方法检测羌活醇,异欧前胡素2种主要化学成分含量。采用中国气象科学数据共享服务网平台获得不同产地的平均气压、年降水量、平均风速、日照时数、相对湿度、年平均温度、年最高温度、年最低温度等9个生态因子数据,通过偏最小二乘回归分析(PLS)、冗余分析(RDA)分析了其化学成分含量与生态因子之间的相关性。化学分析表明,羌活中羌活醇的含量高于异欧前胡素,而宽叶羌活中羌活醇含量低于异欧前胡素。经PLS及RDA分析,羌活中羌活醇与日照时数呈强正相关关系,其次是年降水量和海拔。异欧前胡素与年降水量呈强负相关关系,其次是温度。宽叶羌活中影响羌活醇含量的主导因子分别是海拔、年降水量,且都呈正相关。同时2个主导因子对异欧前胡素含量的影响呈负显著相关。因此日照时数、海拔、年降水量是影响羌活化学成分累积的主要因素,日照时数有利于羌活化学成分累积,在一定范围内,海拔越高,年降水量越大,越能促进羌活醇的积累,而不利于异欧前胡素含量富集。基于化学成分含量主成分分析(PCA)表明,羌活和宽叶羌活以四川产为最优。研究结果对保护濒危高原植物羌活及引种栽培奠定基础。展开更多
Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total ...Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control;model;low dose of PR(PR-L;0.5 g/kg);high dose of PR(PR-H;1 g/kg);and fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)groups;with 8 rats in each group.Except for the rats in control group;those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling.PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily;30 min prior to the CUMS procedure;for 14 consecu-tive days until the behavioral tests were performed.After CUMS modeling;the sucrose prefer-ence test(SPT);open field test(OFT);novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT);forced swim test(FST);and tail suspension test(TST)were employed to assess the pharmacological ef-fects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models.Additionally;the en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α;interleukin(IL)-6;and IL-1βin the rats.Western blot analysis was al-so conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB);in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS);cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3);apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain(ASC);and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats.Immunofluorescence staining was per-formed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive(Iba-1+)cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of rats with CUMS-induced depression.Results(i)Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests(P<0.01 and P<0.05;respectively).Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in su-crose preference among rats(P<0.05).Besides;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion(P<0.05;P<0.05;and P<0.01;respectively).As observed from the FST;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression;leading to the reduction in time of their immobility(P<0.05;P<0.01;and P<0.01;respectively).The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well(P<0.01).(ii)Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+microglia in their left and right brains in compari-son with control group(P<0.01).However;such increase was negated post PR treatment(P<0.01).Treatment with PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflam-matory factors(TNF-α;IL-1β;and IL-6;P<0.01).In addition;treatment of PR-L and PR-H ef-fectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3;ASC;and caspase-1;and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65(p-p65);COX-2;and iNOS in rats’hip-pocampus(P<0.01).Conclusion Collectively;these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.展开更多
Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shenyuan Gan(参远苷,SYG)on the inflammat-ory response in BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods The cytotoxicity of SYG to BV2 microglial cells wa...Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shenyuan Gan(参远苷,SYG)on the inflammat-ory response in BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods The cytotoxicity of SYG to BV2 microglial cells was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and the effect of SYG concentrations on LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells was studied.The morphological changes were observed using an optical microscope.The nitric oxide(NO)concentration in cell culture supernatant was determined using Griess re-agent.The expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators were also measured by an en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of inducible NO synthase(iNOS),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)p65,alpha inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB-α),phosphorylation-IκB-α(p-IκB-α),NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3),and cas-pase-1 expression.Moreover,the expression of iNOS,NLRP3,and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)was also observed using immunofluorescent staining.Results SYG had a low cytotoxic effect on BV2 microglial cells and could significantly decr-ease LPS-induced morphological changes of BV2 microglial cells(P<0.05).ELISA results showed that SYG significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 in BV2 microglia cells(P<0.05),and Western blot analysis showed that the phosphoryla-tion levels of iNOS,NF-κB p65,and IκB-αas well as NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression were also significantly decreased,and IκB-αexpression was increased after SYG treatment(P<0.05,compared with the LPS-treated group).The immunofluorescence results were consist-ent with the Western blot results,and Iba1 staining indicated that the cell morphology tended to be resting.These results indicate that SYG has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells.Conclusion SYG can inhibit LPS-induced release of inflammatory factors in BV2 microglial cells by affecting the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α.SYG is a valuable candid-ate for treating neuroinflammation-related diseases.展开更多
文摘羌活(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)是伞形科植物羌活(N.incisum)或宽叶羌活(N.franchetii)的干燥根茎和根,为濒危高原药用植物。考察羌活主产地生态气象因子对其主要化学成分含量的影响,探讨气象因子与羌活品质的关系。应用HPLC方法检测羌活醇,异欧前胡素2种主要化学成分含量。采用中国气象科学数据共享服务网平台获得不同产地的平均气压、年降水量、平均风速、日照时数、相对湿度、年平均温度、年最高温度、年最低温度等9个生态因子数据,通过偏最小二乘回归分析(PLS)、冗余分析(RDA)分析了其化学成分含量与生态因子之间的相关性。化学分析表明,羌活中羌活醇的含量高于异欧前胡素,而宽叶羌活中羌活醇含量低于异欧前胡素。经PLS及RDA分析,羌活中羌活醇与日照时数呈强正相关关系,其次是年降水量和海拔。异欧前胡素与年降水量呈强负相关关系,其次是温度。宽叶羌活中影响羌活醇含量的主导因子分别是海拔、年降水量,且都呈正相关。同时2个主导因子对异欧前胡素含量的影响呈负显著相关。因此日照时数、海拔、年降水量是影响羌活化学成分累积的主要因素,日照时数有利于羌活化学成分累积,在一定范围内,海拔越高,年降水量越大,越能促进羌活醇的积累,而不利于异欧前胡素含量富集。基于化学成分含量主成分分析(PCA)表明,羌活和宽叶羌活以四川产为最优。研究结果对保护濒危高原植物羌活及引种栽培奠定基础。
基金International Cooperative Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZYYG2020023)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)Grant(2021-I2M-1-034)Key Research Project of Hunan Province(222SK2018).
文摘Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control;model;low dose of PR(PR-L;0.5 g/kg);high dose of PR(PR-H;1 g/kg);and fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)groups;with 8 rats in each group.Except for the rats in control group;those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling.PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily;30 min prior to the CUMS procedure;for 14 consecu-tive days until the behavioral tests were performed.After CUMS modeling;the sucrose prefer-ence test(SPT);open field test(OFT);novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT);forced swim test(FST);and tail suspension test(TST)were employed to assess the pharmacological ef-fects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models.Additionally;the en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α;interleukin(IL)-6;and IL-1βin the rats.Western blot analysis was al-so conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB);in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS);cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3);apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain(ASC);and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats.Immunofluorescence staining was per-formed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive(Iba-1+)cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of rats with CUMS-induced depression.Results(i)Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests(P<0.01 and P<0.05;respectively).Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in su-crose preference among rats(P<0.05).Besides;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion(P<0.05;P<0.05;and P<0.01;respectively).As observed from the FST;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression;leading to the reduction in time of their immobility(P<0.05;P<0.01;and P<0.01;respectively).The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well(P<0.01).(ii)Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+microglia in their left and right brains in compari-son with control group(P<0.01).However;such increase was negated post PR treatment(P<0.01).Treatment with PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflam-matory factors(TNF-α;IL-1β;and IL-6;P<0.01).In addition;treatment of PR-L and PR-H ef-fectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3;ASC;and caspase-1;and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65(p-p65);COX-2;and iNOS in rats’hip-pocampus(P<0.01).Conclusion Collectively;these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
基金The Space Medical Experiment Project of the China Manned Space Program(HYZHXM05003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171493)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(2021JJ30504)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04905)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education of the Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First-class Discipline Project of Chinese Medicine(19B422)。
文摘Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shenyuan Gan(参远苷,SYG)on the inflammat-ory response in BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods The cytotoxicity of SYG to BV2 microglial cells was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and the effect of SYG concentrations on LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells was studied.The morphological changes were observed using an optical microscope.The nitric oxide(NO)concentration in cell culture supernatant was determined using Griess re-agent.The expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators were also measured by an en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of inducible NO synthase(iNOS),nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)p65,alpha inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB-α),phosphorylation-IκB-α(p-IκB-α),NOD-like receptor 3(NLRP3),and cas-pase-1 expression.Moreover,the expression of iNOS,NLRP3,and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)was also observed using immunofluorescent staining.Results SYG had a low cytotoxic effect on BV2 microglial cells and could significantly decr-ease LPS-induced morphological changes of BV2 microglial cells(P<0.05).ELISA results showed that SYG significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 in BV2 microglia cells(P<0.05),and Western blot analysis showed that the phosphoryla-tion levels of iNOS,NF-κB p65,and IκB-αas well as NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression were also significantly decreased,and IκB-αexpression was increased after SYG treatment(P<0.05,compared with the LPS-treated group).The immunofluorescence results were consist-ent with the Western blot results,and Iba1 staining indicated that the cell morphology tended to be resting.These results indicate that SYG has a certain inhibitory effect on LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells.Conclusion SYG can inhibit LPS-induced release of inflammatory factors in BV2 microglial cells by affecting the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α.SYG is a valuable candid-ate for treating neuroinflammation-related diseases.