Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Hypertension and Chronic Pain:A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Objective The extent to which the association between hypertension and chronic pain in observational studies is either causally linked or influenced by other shared risk factors has not been substantially addressed.In the present study,Mendelian randomization(MR)was employed to examine the potential causal relationship between hypertension and risk of chronic pain.Methods The study data were derived from the pooled dataset of the genome-wide association study(GWAS),enabling the evaluation of the causal effects of hypertension on various types of chronic pain including chronic headache as well as chest,abdominal,joint,back,limb,and multisite chronic pain.We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using random effect inverse variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode,quantified by odds ratio(OR).Results Genetically predicted essential hypertension was associated with an increased risk of chronic headache(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.003-1.011,P=0.002)and limb pain(OR=1.219,95%CI:1.033-1.439,P=0.019).No potential causal associations were identified between chronic pain and essential hypertension in the reverse direction MR(P>0.05).In addition,there was no potential causal association between secondary hypertension and chronic pain(P>0.05).Conclusion This study provided genetic evidence that a unidirectional causal relationship exists between essential hypertension and the increased risks of chronic headache and limb pain,and no causal relationship was found between secondary hypertension and chronic pain.These findings offer theoretical underpinnings for future research on managing hypertension and chronic pain.

Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein Enhances Zika Virus Translation by Binding to the 5'UTR of Internal Ribosomal Entry Site

Objectives To identify the 5'untranslated region of Zika virus(ZIKV 5'UTR)RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site(IRES)located in ZIKV 5'UTR and virus production.Methods Interacting proteins in U251 cells were captured using tRSA-tagged ZIKV 5'UTR RNA and tRSA-ZIKV 5'UTR RNA-binding proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE silver staining,Subsequently,liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),bioinformatics analysis,and Western blot were used to identify the candidate proteins binding to ZIKV 5'UTR.Dicistronic expression assay and plaque forming assay were performed to analyze the effect of the binding protein on ZIKV IRES activity and ZIKV production,respecitvely.Results tRSA RNA pull-down assay,LC-MS/MS,and Western blot analysis showed that polypyrimidine tractbinding protein(PTB)bound to the ZIKV 5'UTR.Furthermore,dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of PTB significantly enhanced the IRES activity of ZIKV(t=10.220,P<0.001),while PTB knockdown had the opposite effect(t=4.897,P<0.01).Additionally,virus plaque forming assay demonstrated that up-regulation of PTB expression significantly enhanced viral titer(t=6.400,P<0.01),whereas reducing PTB expression level weakened virus infectivity(t=5.055,P<0.01).Conclusion PTB positively interacts with the ZIKV 5'UTR and enhances IRES activity and virus production.

BILL Strategy:Points to Consider During the Performance and Interpretation of Critical Care Echocardiography

The growing utilization of critical care echocardiography(CCE) by clinicians necessitates a meticulous review of clinical conditions in critically ill patients, both before and during the examination. The reviewing process of clinical conditions minimizes the risk of overlooking or misinterpreting crucial findings. This article proposes a comprehensive strategy, namely BILL strategy, to integrate into the CCE protocol, where "B" represents baseline respiratory and hemodynamic support, "I" signifies information gleaned from invasive monitoring, including central venous pressure and thermodilution-derived cardiac output, the first "L" denotes laboratory results such as central venous oxygen saturation, troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide, and the second "L" refers to lung ultrasound data. Combining the BILL strategy with CCE can enhance comprehensive understanding of critical conditions, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

Preliminary clinical application of total free-breathing cardiac MR examination

Objective To observe the clinical application value of total free-breathing cardiac MR(CMR)examination preliminarily.Methods Two patients who underwent CMR scanning under free-breathing state,including cine,motion correction T1 and T2 mapping,blood flow imaging,and late gadolinium enhancement scanning were retrospectively enrolled,and the qualities of the above images were evaluated and compared with that of conventional CMR images under breath-holding state.Results No significant difference of imaging quality was found between total free-breathing and conventional breath-holding CMR.The differences of left ventricular ejection fraction,cardiac output,left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and left ventricular mass measured based on CMR images under different breath conditions were limited.Conclusion Total free-breathing CMR was feasible in clinical practice,which could provide"one-stop"evaluation of cardiac structure,function and myocardial histological characteristics,hence having promising clinical prospects.

Anesthesia Management in Hereditary Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma:Updated Insights into Clinical Features and Perioperative Care

Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes. Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2) have a stronger endocrine function, which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery. Therefore, pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2. Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) often presents multisystem lesions and can result in difficult airway. Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. In summary, hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems, beyond tumor function. A multi-disciplinary team(MDT) approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.

Hydrogen production performance of the non⁃platinum⁃based MoS_(2)/CuS cathode in microbial electrolytic cells

MoS_(2)/CuS composite catalysts were successfully synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method with sodium molybdate dihydrate,thiourea,oxalic acid,and copper nitrate trihydrate as raw materials.The hydrogen pro-duction performance of MoS_(2)/CuS prepared with different molar ratios of Mo to Cu precursors(n_(Mo)∶n_(Cu))as cathodic catalysts was investigated in the two-chamber microbial electrolytic cell(MEC).X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),linear scanning voltammetry(LSV),electrochemical impedance analysis(EIS),and cyclic voltammetry(CV)were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts for testing and analyzing the hydrogen-producing performance.The results showed that the hydrogen evolution performance of MoS_(2)/CuS-20%(nMo∶nCu=5∶1)was better than that of platinum(Pt)mesh,and the hydrogen production rate of MoS_(2)/CuS-20%as a cathode in MEC was(0.2031±0.0237)m^(3)_(H_(2))·m^(-3)·d^(-1) for 72 h at an applied voltage of 0.8 V,which was slightly higher than that of Pt mesh of(0.1886±0.0134)m^(3)_(H_(2))·m^(-3)·d^(-1).The addition of a certain amount of CuS not only regulates the electron transfer ability of MoS_(2) but also increases the density of active sites.

Antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix) extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in rats: modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effects of Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix;PR)aqueous extract on chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression rat models and the underlying mechanisms.Methods A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into control;model;low dose of PR(PR-L;0.5 g/kg);high dose of PR(PR-H;1 g/kg);and fluoxetine(10 mg/kg)groups;with 8 rats in each group.Except for the rats in control group;those in the other four groups underwent CUMS-induced depression modeling.PR and fluoxetine were administered intragastrically once daily;30 min prior to the CUMS procedure;for 14 consecu-tive days until the behavioral tests were performed.After CUMS modeling;the sucrose prefer-ence test(SPT);open field test(OFT);novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT);forced swim test(FST);and tail suspension test(TST)were employed to assess the pharmacological ef-fects of PR on the mitigation of depressive-like behaviors in rat models.Additionally;the en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was utilized to quantify the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α;interleukin(IL)-6;and IL-1βin the rats.Western blot analysis was al-so conducted to evaluate the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB);in-ducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS);cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3);apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain(ASC);and caspase-1 in the hippocampal tissues of the rats.Immunofluorescence staining was per-formed to observe the morphological changes in ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 positive(Iba-1+)cells in the dentate gyrus(DG)of rats with CUMS-induced depression.Results(i)Treatment with PR-H and fluoxetine resulted in significant enhancements in both the total distance and time the rats moved during tests(P<0.01 and P<0.05;respectively).Post-administration of PR-H and fluoxetine also led to statistically significant increase in su-crose preference among rats(P<0.05).Besides;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine treatment markedly decreased the latency of ingestion(P<0.05;P<0.05;and P<0.01;respectively).As observed from the FST;PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine presented antidepressant effects on rats with CUMS-induced depression;leading to the reduction in time of their immobility(P<0.05;P<0.01;and P<0.01;respectively).The results of TST indicated reduced immobility time in rats receiving PR-H and fluoxetine treatment as well(P<0.01).(ii)Rats in model group showed an increase in the levels of Iba-1+microglia in their left and right brains in compari-son with control group(P<0.01).However;such increase was negated post PR treatment(P<0.01).Treatment with PR-L;PR-H;and fluoxetine considerably reduced the levels of inflam-matory factors(TNF-α;IL-1β;and IL-6;P<0.01).In addition;treatment of PR-L and PR-H ef-fectively counteracted the elevated levels of NLRP3;ASC;and caspase-1;and markedly down-regulated the expression levels of phosphorylated p65(p-p65);COX-2;and iNOS in rats’hip-pocampus(P<0.01).Conclusion Collectively;these findings indicate that PR exerts an antidepressant effect on rats with CUMS-induced depression partially through the modulation of the NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

中国农业生物安全的科学问题与任务探讨

本文综述了中国面临的十分严峻的农业生物安全形势,从危险性外来入侵有害生物、毁灭性高致害变异性植物病虫害、转基因生物潜在危险的预防与控制及农业生物多样性保护等领域,分析确保国家农业生物安全需紧迫解决的若干重要科学与技术问题,在此基础上对农业生物安全近期的研究任务和创新目标进行了探讨。

韩国企业对中国投资与中韩贸易的发展

自1992年中韩两国建立外交关系以来,双边的贸易迅速发。其主要原因是:首先,两国经济的持续增为本国的出口提供了丰富的资源,同时也为本国的进口提供了广阔的市场;其次,两国经济的互补性强,相互需要的商品种类较多;再次,两国企业的相互投资增加,带动了两国贸易的进一步增长;第四,中国加入WTO使中国的关税进行了调整,这也是中韩贸易持续增长的一个原因。其中,两国企业的相互投资,尤其是韩国企业对中国的投资,不仅带动了两国的贸易发展,而且促进中国对外贸易的发展,因此,两国经贸发展上非常重要。

中国企业对韩国直接投资的现况与特征

上世纪90年代,尤其是邓小平的南巡讲话以后中国企业的海外投资更为迅速发展。中国企业对韩国投资总额不到30亿美元,也连外国企业对韩国投资的1%都不到。可见,中国对韩国投资与韩国对中国投资极不平衡,与中韩经贸合作的需要相比也不相称。这种现象将会限制两国经贸合作的进一步发展。因此,两国要努力解决双方经贸合作上的问题和限制。

中国牛肉和肉牛的运销渠道与市场体系建设(下)

３存在主要问题就目前中国活牛或牛肉市场体系而言，市场的发育程度低，市场体系很不完善，市场管理也很不规范。主要问题有：３．１缺乏成规模、上档次、比较规范的批发交易市场已有的活牛批发市场大多在产地，有的与大牲畜市场合在一起，市场规模小、布局分散、建设标准...

中国房地产登记研究

中国房地产进入高速发展期。房地产登记制度,是土地和建筑物登记制度的重要基础,没有健全的房地产登记制度,就没有完善的物权法律制度。目前,中国房地产市场日益活跃,交易登记活动也日益频繁。同时,随着人们法律意识与财产管理意识的提高,涉及房地产权属交易登记的问题亦有所增加,使房地产登记业务面临更大挑战。因此,通过对房地产的阐述及探讨,本文分析中国不动产登记和所有权解决方法,从而引出房地产登记中的诸多问题。针对问题的难点,提出相关解决方案。从理论、实践两个层面探讨如何规范房地产权属登记,防范房地产登记行政风险等问题;规范登记行为,切实提高依法行政的质量,使房地产登记工作上升到新的高度。

“中国残留孤儿”与在日亲属之间的文化摩擦——日本与中国社会亲属间的角色期待差异

在全球化浪潮席卷世界的今天,日中两国民众之间的交往已变得十分频繁。在不同文化背景下成长起来的日中两国民众,很容易因文化摩擦而产生误解,并由此对对方产生负面评价。这种情形,从由中国回到日本的"残留孤儿"与日本国内亲属之间发生的文化摩擦中可窥见一斑。文章以"残留孤儿"与日本亲属之间发生的文化摩擦为中心议题,将人际关系中的地位与角色这个文化要素作为比较基轴,对日本和中国社会亲属间的角色期待差异进行比较分析,从而揭示出两者之间发生文化摩擦的深层原因。最后就如何减少日中两国民众间的文化摩擦问题进行探讨。

胫骨超声速率与两种骨密度测定方法的比较

目的研究国际新近发展的胫骨超声速率（ＳＯＳ）与双能Ｘ线吸收法（ＤＥＸＡ）及单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）测定的骨密度（ＢＭＤ）的相关性。方法对２１３名年龄２２－８３岁（平均５４．３±１５．２岁）的女性健康志愿者及５６例年龄５３－８３岁（平均６７．９±７．４岁）的原发性骨质疏松症椎体骨折患者进行胫骨ＳＯＳ及ＤＥＸＡ、ＳＰＡ骨密度测定。结果２１３名健康志愿者的胫骨ＳＯＳ值与ＤＥＸＡ测定的４个部位ＢＭＤ值和ＳＰＡ测定的２个部位的ＢＭＤ值呈显著的正相关〔Ｐ＜０．００１）；选取１０４名年龄、绝经年限及体重指数与骨折组，相匹配的健康志愿者（平均年龄６６．９±６．１岁）作为对照组，与椎体骨折组进行比较两组之间的胫骨ＳＯＳ值有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论胫骨ＳＯＳ与ＤＥＸＡ及ＳＰＡ测定的６个部位的ＢＭＤ值有非常显著的正相关；胫骨ＳＯＳ在椎体骨祈组与对照组之间有显著差别。

石窟薄层顶板破坏的早期潜在原因分析

为了探讨导致某石窟4号硐顶板破坏的最初潜在原因,根据石窟变形破坏规律及结构边界条件,采用粘弹性薄板理论,给出了广义开尔文模型下岩层的粘弹性变形、应力解析解。为了在任意一时刻给出全域应力、位移的分布状态,提出了一种解析解全域逐点搜索法,将全域划分细密网格,用所建立的解析解计算每小区中点的应力及网格点位移值。通过分析计算,给出了石窟顶板随时间变化的位移场、变形规律及顶板可能产生受拉破坏的变化规律,其中,有两处的受拉区分界线与现在的破坏裂缝线基本吻合,说明石窟成形初期,因内能释放而产生的受拉区及其边界分界线是后来真正破坏的早期潜在不稳定源。这一结论对保护和维护石窟稳定性具有实际参考意义。实例表明,所建立的模型及分析方法是正确和合理的,方法及结论均具有通用性。

基于N%理念的三江源国家公园区域功能优化实践

三江源国家公园是我国第一个国家公园体制试点,要求实行最严格的生态保护,同时要处理好当地牧民生计与资源环境承载能力的关系,形成人与自然和谐发展新模式。本文就该国家公园所在地区区域尺度上生物多样保护最小面积与民生需求最大面积相协调的自然比例进行了探索,寻求可持续管理的途径与模式。通过国家公园区域内家畜(家耗牛Bos grunniens和藏系绵羊Ovis aries)和主要野生有蹄类草食动物(藏羚Pantholops hodgsonii、藏原羚Procapra picticaudata、野耗牛B.mutus和西藏野驴Equus kiang)的营养生态位体积和重叠,现有家畜和主要野生有蹄类草食动物的数量(分别为116.70×10^4羊单位和31.40×10^4羊单位),保障当地牧民(6.43×10^4人)基本生活需求的家畜存栏量(123.07×10^4羊单位)等核算出该国家公园需要保护的自然区域面积最低比例,即自然比例(Nature Proportion,N%),其理论值、现实值和预期值分别为90%、30%和74%。通过区域资源空间配置优化,将外围支撑区发展草产业生产的饲草资源用于“返青期休牧”模式和“暖牧冷饲两段式养殖”模式(可供饲养190 d所需饲草,即增加保护草地4.47×10^4 km^2),或用于满足当地牧民基本生活需求的家畜(可饲养60.25×10^4羊单位,即增加保护草地1.55×10^4 km^2)等优化了该国家公园N%的现实值和预期值,分别为67%和87%。不同的核算条件、方法和目的得到的N%存在较大差异。多重目标下三江源国家公园N%的核算,应考虑:生物多样性保护优先区域识别、生态安全屏障重点区域识别、应对未来气候变化影响保护区域识别及重要性区分、重要生态系统服务(如水资源)受益区域识别、当地牧民群众发展适宜区域识别及优先性区分、生态系统服务评估和生态系统服务商品供给量核算。合理核算三江源国家公园所在区域的N%,从而实现社会一生态系统可持续管理。

非Q波与Q波心肌梗死的临床分析

本组急性心肌梗死１１２１例中，非Ｑ波心肌梗死３９２例（３５％），Ｑ波心肌梗死７２９例（６５％）。既往有心绞痛及心肌梗死者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有７６．８％及３８．８％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的６１．２％及３０．６％。有高血压、糖尿病史及吸烟者，两组间比较无差别。并发泵衰竭、室性心动过速和（或）心室颤动及Ⅱ～Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组分别有１０．２％、１０％及１．５％，显著地少于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的１９．３％、２０．６％及１３．６％。梗死后心绞痛者，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组有４５．２％，显著地多于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的２８．９％。４周病死率，在非Ｑ波心肌梗死组为２．８％，显著地低于Ｑ波心肌梗死组的８．２％。非Ｑ波与Ｑ波心肌梗死比较，患者在急性期并发症较少，病死率较低；而梗死后早期心绞痛较多。

东非大裂谷考察记实

东非大裂谷是地球上最大的大陆裂谷系统,裂谷、火山、高原(东非高原)以及古人类演化等每一个领域都是最引人瞩目的焦点。20世纪70年代、80年代,关于东非大裂谷阿法尔地区(埃塞俄比亚北部)的研究,为板块构造学说奠定了坚实的基础。一系列至关重要的古人类化石和遗迹的发现,确立了东非大裂谷在古人类学方面的地位。非洲政治、经济的缓慢发展,阻碍了该地区科学的充分发展,为中国科研走出国门提供了极好的研究对象。

关于孟子思想之新诠释——以政治思想为中心

孟子的“仁义论”是综合原始儒家的“仁”论与前期墨家“义”论而形成,但是孟子将“仁义”概念结合于他的“心性”概念,从而创造出新的涵义。由此,孟子政治哲学确立了超阶级的普遍性与道德对于世俗权利的优越性。我们将具备此含义的孟子之政治思想称为仁义的政治思想。我们将从以下三个方面进行探讨:仁义政治思想的基本内涵;构成仁义政治思想的思维方式;以及其思维方式所蕴涵的意义与问题。