广义S变换在叠前地震资料去噪中的应用

基于广义S变换将时间域叠前地震信号变换到时间-频率域,利用地震信号与噪音在时频域的差异,去除地震资料中的噪音,然后用广义S反变换到时间域,其结果就是去除噪音的有效地震信号。通过理论模型和实际应用表明,该方法能有效地压制不同时段、不同频率的噪音,并保持了地震记录的有效信息,同时还具有适应性强、应用效果好等特点。

Extraction of amplitude-preserving angle gathers based on vector wavefield reverse-time migration

Angle-domain common-image gathers （ADCIGs） transformed from the shot- domain common-offset gathers are input to migration velocity analysis （MVA） and prestack inversion. ADCIGs are non-illusion prestack inversion gathers, and thus, accurate. We studied the extraction of elastic-wave ADCIGs based on amplitude-preserving elastic-wave reverse- time migration for calculating the incidence angle of P- and S-waves at each image point and for different source locations. The P- and S-waves share the same incident angle, namely the incident angle of the source P-waves. The angle of incidence of the source P-wavefield was the difference between the source P-wave propagation angle and the reflector dips. The propagation angle of the source P-waves was obtained from the polarization vector of the decomposed P-waves. The reflectors＇ normal direction angle was obtained using the complex wavenumber of the stacked reverse-time migration （RTM） images. The ADCIGs of P- and S-waves were obtained by rearranging the common-shot migration gathers based on the incident angle. We used a horizontally layered model, the graben medium model, and part of the Marmousi-II elastic model and field data to test the proposed algorithm. The results suggested that the proposed method can efficiently extract the P- and S-wave ADCIGs of the elastic-wave reverse-time migration, the P- and S-wave incident angle, and the angle-gather amplitude fidelity, and improve the MVA and prestack inversion.

Suppress numerical dispersion in reversetime migration of acoustic wave equation using optimal nearly analytic discrete method

Using staggered-grid finite difference method to solve seismic wave equation,large spatial grid and high dominant frequency of source cause numerical dispersion,staggeredgrid finite difference method,which can reduce the step spatial size and increase the order of difference,will multiply the calculation amount and reduce the efficiency of solving wave equation.The optimal nearly analytic discrete(ONAD)method can accurately solve the wave equation by using the combination of displacement and gradient of spatial nodes to approach the spatial partial derivative under rough grid and high-frequency condition.In this study,the ONAD method is introduced into the field of reverse-time migration(RTM)for performing forward-and reverse-time extrapolation of a two-dimensional acoustic equation,and the RTM based on ONAD method is realized via normalized cross-correlation imaging condition,effectively suppressed the numerical dispersion and improved the imaging accuracy.Using ONAD method to image the groove model and SEG/EAGE salt dome model by RTM,and comparing with the migration sections obtained by staggered-grid finite difference method with the same time order 2 nd and space order 4 th,results show that the RTM based on ONAD method can effectively suppress numerical dispersion caused by the high frequency components in source and shot records,and archive accurate imaging of complex geological structures especially the fine structure,and the migration sections of the measured data show that ONAD method has practical application value.