我国农村人才的培养模式分析

农村人才是我国农村发展中坚力量 ,加大农村人才培养的力度 ,形成有规模的人才资源 ,是我国农村走向现代化、信息化时代的希望所在 ,是有效转移农村劳动力的重要保障。本文主要探讨当前我国各地在培养农村人才过程中普通采用的一些培养模式 。

完善政策措施 不断提高区域退耕还林成效——关于南水北调中线工程渠首所在地(淅川县)退耕还林情况的调查与思考

本文通过对南水北调中线工程渠首所在地——淅川县退耕还林情况的调查研究,分析了成效和问题,提出了完善我国退耕还林政策措施的思路,对于不断提高区域退耕还林成效具有重要借鉴作用。

Seven Decades of China's Agricultural Development:Achievements,Experience and Outlook

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,China's agriculture has been transformed beyond recognition.Tremendous progress has been made in China's agricultural output.China has made all-round achievements in its agriculture,forestry,livestock and fishery sectors,vastly improved agricultural production conditions,fostered new types of agricultural operators,increased opening-up,and delivered better living conditions for rural residents.China's agricultural development experience over the past seven decades can be summarized as follows:the Party's leadership over the work on agriculture,farmers and countryside,policy support and protection for agriculture,agri-technology innovation,and agricultural product market reform.In the new era,China's agriculture must follow a green and quality-oriented approach,and develop multifunctionality.China'should foster new-type agricultural operators and service entities,promote large-scale agriculture,encourage capital inputs in agriculture,integrate primary,secondary and tertiary agricultural industries,and bring about a new patter of agricultural opening-up.

China’s Agricultural Modernization Strategy towards 2035

China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.

Goal Evolution and Promotion Strategies of Rural Revitalization in the View of Common Prosperity

Rural revitalization is not only an important development goal for the Chinese government, but also a path to development. It is a crucial strategic choice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new epoch that to achieve both urban-rural and intrarural prosperity in the course of promoting rural revitalization. In the context of common prosperity, the key to achieving rural revitalization is to strive for the year 2050 long-term objectives of “robust agriculture, beautiful countryside and well-off farmers”, while also accelerating efforts to meet the mid-term targets of “improving the quality and efficiency of agriculture, making rural areas suitable to live and work, and ensuring farmers are affluent and well-off”. In terms of a strategic path, it is vital to combine endogenous growth with a sharing mechanism, with the former aiming to stimulate the internal vitality of rural areas and unleash their growth potential, and the latter to ensure that wealth is shared among all people and access to basic public services is made equal. To implement the strategy, it is suggested to take a regionally differentiated approach and a classification differentiated approach by scientifically grasping rural differences and identifying policy priorities, and explore innovative and diversified mechanisms of rural common prosperity.

BUILDING A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY IN ALL RESPECTS——Revitalizing the Countryside

The problem of China’s uneven and insufficient development is the most striking in the countryside. Countryside rejuvenation is of historical significance to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and turning China into a modernized socialist country. The reform of rural land system is vital to integrating urban and rural development. We must allow farmers to gain their due share of value-added revenues from land, and share in the dividends of urbanization. Based on household operations, we should enhance the basic rural operation system, foster new agricultural operators, and develop modern agriculture as the foundation for revitalizing countryside industries. We must deepen agricultural supply-side structural reforms to ensure sufficient supply and security of main agricultural products. We must reform the rural collective ownership system to implement property rights to farmers and protect their interests in the context of urban and rural integration. We must promote green development and revitalize countryside ecological environment. We must enhance rural governance to revitalize rural organizations.

Grassland Management in China:Countermeasures to Reverse Degradation

This paper consists of four parts. Part 1 provides a brief review of the changes in China＇s pastoral animal husbandry and grasslands since reform and opening up in the 1980s. Part 2 identifies the problems of inappropriate property rights demarcation, misuse of fencing and fragmented grassland management, and proposes suggestions on adjusting the demarcation of property rights, prudent use of grassland fencing and restoring joint management by grassland village communities. Part 3 identifies problems in the grassland ecological compensation system, including a complicated scope of compensation, short duration of compensation and lack of simple and clear objects of supervision, and proposes suggestions on ensuring compensation based on changes in the number of livestock, focusing compensation on professional herders and encouraging participation by diverse stakeholders. Part 4 reveals that China＇s grassland monitoring is yet to focus on pasture property right holders, overlooks the determinants of grassland change and fails to bring into play the role of village communities in grassland monitoring, and proposes suggestions on conducting livestock monitoring in pastoral village communities, monitoring the value added of grassland ecosystem services and creating a ＂three-in-one＂ grassland monitoring team and disclosure system.

山东省农业生产托管实践探索及对策建议

山东省为解决"谁来种地""怎样种地"等问题,引导小农户把干不了、干不好的生产环节交给社会化服务组织,探索多种形式的农业生产托管服务,加快转变经营方式,初步形成了服务规模经营。同时,积极推动托管服务由产中环节向产前产后拓展,发展全产业链托管服务模式,将小农户引入现代农业发展轨道。目前,山东省农业生产托管已经呈现多元化模式、全产业覆盖的发展格局,为推动农业高质量发展,实现农业增效、农民增收,助力乡村振兴发挥了重要作用。但总体来看,山东省的农业生产托管尚处于加快发展阶段,存在服务供给散小无序、服务人才缺乏等问题。要推动农业生产托管高质量发展,必须坚持发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用,聚焦农户和农业生产需要,完善支持政策,建立服务标准体系,大力培育服务组织,提升服务能力、拓展服务领域。

合作社制度与供销社改革

以全国供销合作总社的成立为契机,我国供销合作事业正面临一个新的发展机遇。供销合作事业能否在我国振兴,关键在于改革。近年来,理论界对于供销合作社改革的目标模式众说不一。出现这种局面的根本原因是,人们对于合作社的制度特征及其存在的现实意义没有真正弄清。本文试图通过对合作社制度特征及其存在的现实意义的探讨,逐一回答供销合作社改革应当向什么方向改,改什么,以及如何改的问题。