新一代人工智能赋能国家治理:新机遇与新挑战

新一代人工智能已渗透到科学技术创新、社会经济转型和生产生活变革的方方面面。新一代人工智能的发展和应用为国家治理带来新思路和新机遇,推动了国家治理能力和效率的提升;另一方面,也带来了数据治理技术、科技治理规范、经济治理能力、社会意识形态安全等一系列新挑战。因此,应在系统思维导向下,从强化国家安全意识出发,加强顶层设计、打造创新生态、防范系统风险、规范科技伦理治理、建立风险预警机制,有效应对新挑战,打造发展新优势。

Ecological Carrying Capacity of Grasslands and Animal Husbandry Sustainability in Central Asia

Grassland ecosystems are one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems on the earth.Central Asia has the largest contiguous grazing area in the world and good conditions for the development of animal husbandry.However,in the past 30 years,the grassland ecosystem in Central Asia has experienced significant degradation,and the livestock industry has also experienced an overall decline to the point that livestock products are now dependent on imports.The ecological footprint method was used to analyze the change trend and characteristics of grassland ecological carrying capacity and ecological occupation in Central Asia.The grassland ecological capacity in Central Asia was found to be much higher than the global level,and great potential still remains for further development and utilization.The international trade of livestock products in Central Asian countries showed a deficit,and the net import of livestock products increased year by year.Net imports reached 9.5%in 1992-2016,and the dependence on foreign countries increased significantly,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Central Asia.In the future,the counties of Central Asia should optimize the aspects of policy,management and technology to improve the productivity of grassland animal husbandry,strengthen grassland ecological protection,and realize the coordinated and sustainable development of their grassland ecological economic systems.

System Analysis of the Historical Change of the River Leader System:Based on the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

In the process of implementing the River Leader System,some problems have emerged regarding its progress and effects.From the perspective of historical institutionalism,the historical change process of the River Leader System was revealed in this paper.There were two key nodes in the historical change progress of the River Leader System.In 2014,the river leader system promotion was transferred from the local government to the Ministry of Water Resources.In 2016,the River Leader System was recognized by the central government and implemented nationwide.The historical change process of the River Leader System can be divided into three periods:the creation and formation period,the pilot and diffusion period,and the promotion and strengthening period.The change in the river and lake problems was an important driving force for the historical change of the River Leader System.A path dependent phenomenon was mainly reflected in the policy diffusion scope,problem orientation,main tasks and management methods.At present,there are some shortcomings in the River Leader System,such as a lack of inter-provincial coordination,imperfect evaluation mechanism,poorly coordinated management tasks,and insufficient public participation.To solve these problems,some policy recommendations are put forward.In the short term,the River Leader System will be continuously improved and strengthened.In the long term,it will be transformed into the integrated watershed management system.

Sustainable Agriculture in the “Belt and Road” Region in Conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals

The countries along the“Belt and Road”(B&R)should devote their efforts to top-level planning in the field of agriculture,so as to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture in the region.This will require a precise assessment of the sustainability of agriculture along the B&R.With a view to understanding the concept of sustainable agriculture along the B&R,combined with the interpretation of the agricultural objectives contained in the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),this study uses statistical regression analysis and trend prediction to predict the social and economic development trends in terms of economic growth and urbanization in the countries along the B&R up until 2030,and the corresponding impacts on agricultural resources and the environment.The results show that the future prospects for agricultural resources and the environment along the B&R are not promising,and meeting the future food security needs of the region will be difficult.Only by adopting innovative policies and implementing strategic planning can the goals of sustainable agricultural development and food security by 2030 be achieved in this region.Therefore,countries along the B&R should formulate agricultural development strategies from three aspects:building an agricultural cooperation platform,setting up special funds,and innovating the agricultural cooperation mode,so as to achieve the sustainable development of agriculture in the region.