ZNT1 Involves Cuproptosis through Regulating MTF1-conduced Expression of MT1X under Copper Overload

Industrial activities such as smelting emissions,mineral combustion and industrial wastewater discharge might lead to copper pollution in the environment.This kind of copper pollution has harmful effects on aquatic o rganisms,plants and animals through direct or indirect exposure.However,the current understanding of the toxicity of copper is rather limited.Copper overload can perturb intracellular homeostasis and induce oxidative stress and e ven cell death.Recently,cuproptosis has been identified as a copper-dependent form of cell death induced by o xidative stress in mitochondria.We uncover here that zinc transporter 1(ZNT1)is an important regulator involved in cuproptosis.Firstly,we established the copper overload-induced cell death model with the overexpression of copper importer SLC31A1 in HeLa cells.Using this model,we conducted unbiased genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in cells treated with copper.Our results revealed a significant enrichment of ZNT1 gene in both library A and library B plasmids.Knocking out of ZNT1 in HeLa cells notably prevented cuproptosis.Subsequent knockout of metal transcription factor 1(MTF1)in ZNT1-deficient cells nearly abolished their ability to resist copper-induced cell death.However,overexpression of metallothionein 1X(MT1X)in the double-knockout cells could p artially restored the resistance to cuproptosis by loss of MTF1.Mechanistically,knockout of ZNT1 could promote MT1X expression by activating MTF1.As a consequence,the interaction between MT1X and copper was e nhanced,reducing the flow of copper into mitochondria and eliminating mitochondria damage.Taken together,this study reveals the important role of ZNT1 in cuproptosis and shows MTF1-MT1X axis mediated resistance to c uproptosis.Moreover,our study will help to understand the regulatory mechanism of cellular and systemic copper homeostasis under copper overload,and present insights into novel treatments for damages caused by both genetic copper overload diseases and environmental copper contamination.

生物学共聚焦显微镜使用手册

目前共聚焦显微镜在生物学领域已被广泛应用。本手册对共聚焦显微镜做了全方位的立体介绍。作为经典书籍的第三版，该书分52章，详细深入地介绍了显微镜的各个部件、数字化采图、荧光染料的使用、3D样品的准备以及共聚焦显微镜的理论极限。同时还介绍了荧光定量共聚焦成像在实践上的复杂性。

The influences of canopy temperature measuring on the derived crop water stress index

Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation management.Precise canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable CWSI.The objective of this research was to investigate the influences of atmospheric conditions,settled height,view angle of infrared thermography,and investigating time of temperature measuring on the performance of the CWSI.Three irrigation treatments were used to create different soil water conditions during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat-growing seasons.The CWSI was calculated using the CWSI-E(an empirical approach)and CWSI-T(a theoretical approach)based on the T_(c).Weather conditions were recorded continuously throughout the experimental period.The results showed that atmospheric conditions influenced the estimation of the CWSI;when the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was>2000 Pa,the estimated CWSI was related to soil water conditions.The height of the installed infrared thermograph influenced the T_(c)values,and the differences among the T_(c)values measured at height of 3,5,and 10 m was smaller in the afternoon than in the morning.However,the lens of the thermometer facing south recorded a higher T_(c)than those facing east or north,especially at a low height,indicating that the direction of the thermometer had a significant influence on T_(c).There was a large variation in CWSI derived at different times of the day,and the midday measurements(12:00-15:00)were the most reliable for estimating CWSI.Negative linear relationships were found between the transpiration rate and CWSI-E(R^(2)of 0.3646-0.5725)and CWSI-T(R^(2)of 0.5407-0.7213).The relations between fraction of available soil water(FASW)with CWSI-T was higher than that with CWSI-E,indicating CWSI-T was more accurate for predicting crop water status.In addition,The R^(2)between CWSI-T and FASW at 14:00 was higher than that at other times,indicating that 14:00 was the optimal time for using the CWSI for crop water status monitoring.Relative higher yield of winter wheat was obtained with average seasonal values of CWSI-E and CWSI-T around 0.23 and 0.25-0.26,respectively.The CWSI-E values were more easily influenced by meteorological factors and the timing of the measurements,and using the theoretical approach to derive the CWSI was recommended for precise irrigation water management.

误入歧途的蛋白质：蛋白质的错误折叠、聚合和稳定性

错误折叠和聚合的蛋白质曾经被认为是生命体重要的生产性活动的副产品而被人们所忽视，但是现在却日益成为研究热点。使人们认识发生变化的原因至少有下面两个：（1）蛋白质的聚合是很多慢性病，例如阿耳茨海默氏病的关键所在。（2）蛋白质的聚合方式很大程度上影响到产物的可靠性、有效性及稳定性。

荧光技术发展人名录2007

本书是荧光技术发展人名录系列的第五版。从2003年到2006年，这个系列里的前四版已受到广泛欢迎。与2006年版的366个条目相比，本书收录了分布在不少于35个国家的405个条目。书中不但标明了各个研究人员的联系方式和AIM（Author Impact）数值，还介绍了他们的主要研究方向及发表的重要文献。因此本书对于该领域的研究人员的交流与合作起到重要作用。