不同有机物料在植烟土壤中的腐解及活性有机碳、氮含量的变化

采取田间原位尼龙网袋埋土法,研究油籽饼及苕子、油菜、小麦、玉米等有机物料埋土还田后,在植烟土壤中的腐解速率、各期残留物料中的活性有机C、N含量的变化及其与腐解速率的关系。结果表明,油籽饼及苕子等不同有机物料埋土还田后的腐解速率表现为早期快后期慢。不同有机物料腐解速率的大小表现为油籽饼>苕子>小麦秸秆和油菜秸秆>玉米秸秆,腐解速率与全N含量呈极其显著直线正相关,与活性有机C/N比值呈极其显著负相关,而与活性有机C含量之间的没有相关性。随着腐解时间推移,油菜、苕子、小麦、玉米等秸秆中活性有机C含量、全N含量呈增加趋势,活性有机C/N比值呈下降趋势,而油籽饼则相反。

烤烟游离氨基酸与感官品质的关联及烘烤过程的变化规律研究

为明确烤烟游离氨基酸与感官品质的关联性及烘烤过程的变化规律,连续2年制备了我国3类香型6个产区335份不同质量特征烟叶样品,系统研究了游离氨基酸与感官品质的相关性,并跟踪分析了烘烤过程游离氨基酸含量和组成的变化。结果表明:(1)烟叶游离氨基酸含量与感官品质总体呈负相关,碱性、芳香族和γ-ABA等氨基酸的关联规律在不同产区、年份表现稳定。(2)Lys、Phe等多数游离氨基酸含量在烘烤过程存在先上升后下降的变化趋势,碱性、芳香族氨基酸和γ-ABA在烘烤中后期的相对下降趋势强于其他种类氨基酸。(3)结合品质关联和烘烤过程变化分析结果,游离氨基酸与烟叶感官品质的稳定负关联规律可能与烘烤过程参与美拉德反应有关。游离氨基酸指标在烤后烟叶品质评价中具有较好应用前景,烘烤过程针对性降低游离氨基酸含量有利于烤后烟叶感官品质提升。

Decomposition of Different Organic Materials and Variation of Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Tobacco-planted Soil

The oilseed cake, vetch, rapeseed straw, wheat straw and corn straw were buried in tobacco-planted soil. The decomposition rates, the variation of active organic C and N contents in the residues and the relationship between active organic C and N contents and decomposition rate were investigated. The results showed the decomposition rates of different organic materials were all high in the early period and then low in the late period. Among the organic materials, the decomposition rates ranked as oilseed cake 〉 vetch 〉 wheat straw and rapeseed straw 〉 corn straw. The decomposition rate was positively related to total N content （P〈0.01）, but was negatively related to the active organic C/N ratio （P〈0.01）. However, there was no significant relationship between decomposition ratio and active organic C content. With the proceeding of decomposition, the active organic C content and the total N content in rapeseed straw, vetch, wheat straw and corn straw all trended to increase, but the active organic C/N ratio trended to decrease. However, the variation of active organic C content, total N content and active organic C/N ratio in oilseed cake was on the contrary.