间作模式及氮、磷肥对玉米—花生间作体系产量和经济效益的影响

大田栽培条件下，研究了不同玉米一花生间作模式及不同施氮、磷肥用量对玉米一花生间作体系群体产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明：与单作相比，四种玉米一花生间作体系均具有明显的间作优势，LER大于1，尤其在2：2间作模式下，其LER为1．40，间作体系总产量及总净产值最高，间作优势最显著。在不同氮、磷肥水平下，玉米花生2：2间作模式的LER为1.49～2．53，尤其在低氮、高磷水平下间作优势最高。在2：2间作模式下，不同施氮、磷水平各花生品种产量间均无显著差异，而玉米产量及间作体系总产量差异达到极显著水平。在本试验范围内，间作产量优势随着施氮量的增加先增加后大幅度减少，施磷水平处于高水平（180kg／hm^2）时，间作体系总产量最高。说明玉米花生间作选用2：2模式，减量施氮，增施磷肥，并选用适宜的耐荫花生品种，可有效提高群体经济效益。

施氮量对生育中期玉米花生单作及间作植株生长发育的影响

大田栽培条件下,研究了三种施氮水平(无氮N0、中氮N1、高氮N2)对玉米花生单作及2:4间作体系播种后70d(生育中期)玉米、花生植株地上及地下部生长发育的影响。结果表明:与单作相比,不同施氮水平下,玉米花生间作均能促进玉米产量的增加,花生则相反,间作均具有间作优势,且无氮处理下间作优势最显著,高秆作物玉米是优势作物,且随着施氮量的增加,其竞争力更强,N1处理下间作体系复合产量最高;单作条件下,氮素能促进玉米及花生植株地上、地下部营养体、果实的生长发育、叶片叶绿素含量的增加,随着氮素增加各项指标均显著增加,但氮素进一步增加,增量不显著;间作条件下,施氮量与植株生长发育的关系更复杂,并未简单地表现为随着施氮的增加而增或减,与单作相比,高秆作物玉米的营养生长无显著差异、叶片叶绿素含量降低,但能促进玉米根系生长,同时适宜的氮肥也能促进间作玉米根系的生长,是该间作体系获得高产的关键;生育中期高秆作物玉米对花生的遮荫持续时间尚短,且花生植株对遮荫主动进行形态、生理适应,植株显著增高,叶片叶绿素含量增加,遮荫对营养体生长影响并不显著,但除N0处理,花生根系营养体发育较单作差,鲜果质量显著降低;无论单作还是间作体系中,氮素均能抑制花生根瘤的生长发育,相对于氮素间作对根瘤生长作用不显著。

Highly-efficient Intercropping Mode and Selection of Suitable Peanut Varieties in Maize and Peanut Intercropping Systems

[Objective] The aim was to explore efficient maize and peanut intercrop-ping mode and select suitable peanut varieties of the mode in Yungui Plateau. [Method] In the test, 6 cropping methods were set by randomized block design. Yields and economic benefits were measured in mature stage with Excelland DPS. [Result] Compared with monoculture, maize and peanut intercropping systems took advantages and LER values were proved higher than 1. In the intercropping system with maize and Yun peanut No.3 at 2∶2, in particular, the value of LER was 1.40 and compound yield reached 9 036 kg/hm2; the net output values of maize kernel and fresh/dry peanut pod increased by 182.63% and 140.59%, compared with maize by monoculture. In addition, the output values of Yun peanut No.3 by monoculture and intercropping system increased by 5 069 and 3 272 yuan/hm2, respectively, than Yanshan conventional peanut varieties. [Conclusion] The efficient intercropping system with maize and peanut mode at 2∶2 mode in Yungui plateau and the Yun peanut No.3 exhibited higher yield and economic benefit advantages, compared with Yanshan conventional planting peanut varieties.

Breeding and Application of Red-skinned Yun Peanut No.3

[Objective] The aim was to explore the production potential and extension value of Yun peanut No.3 to lay foundation for further extension. [Method] Selection, breeding, characters, yield and the stability of Yun peanut No.3 were analyzed. [Result] Yun peanut No.3 is a new early-mature peanut species bred based on foreign resources and local varieties through sexual hybridization and improvement. It contains 50.32% of fat, 26.5% of protein, 38.93% of oleic acid, 38.88% of linoleic acid, and the ratio of oleic acid and linoleic acid is at 1.00. It is a typical small-scale peanut with red skin, high contents of oil and fat, and constitutes the first one approved by cultivar registration in China. According to related tests, pod yield achieved 3 615.9 kg/hm2 ; kernel yield was 2 570.1 kg/hm2 and oil output was 1 293.3 kg/hm2 . For the production at scale, pod yields would be about 3 000 kg/hm2 ; the production value of fruit would be 25 000 Yuan/hm2 ; the yield per unit area would be maximal at 16 000 kg/hm2 , totaling 64 000 Yuan/hm2 . It enjoys different excellent qualities, such as drought-resistance and barren-resistance. It was approved in Yunnan Province in 2012 and extended at 20 000 Yuan/hm2 in major production lands. [Conclusion] Yun peanut No.3, which is highly-yield and highly-qualified, is suitable to be grown in Yunnan, as well as similar conditions in southern regions in China.

红皮小粒油食兼用花生新品种云花生3号的选育与应用研究

[目的]探讨云花生3号(Arachis hypogaea L.)的生产潜力和推广价值,为其进一步大面积推广奠定基础。[方法]介绍云花生3号的选育经过、特征特性,并分析其产量表现及其稳定性。[结果]云花生3号是利用外国资源与云南地方品种、通过人工有性杂交和改良系谱法育成的早熟优质花生新品种。其粗脂肪含量50.32%,蛋白质含量26.50%,油酸含量38.93%,亚油酸含量38.88%,油亚比1.00,属典型的红皮小粒高含油量高蛋白质花生品种,也是我国至今唯一通过品种审定(登记)的红皮小粒花生品种。多点试验中,荚果产量3 615.9 kg/hm2,仁产量2 570.1 kg/hm2,产油量1 293.3 kg/hm2,大面积生产一般荚果产量3 000 kg/hm2左右,鲜食产值达2.5万元/hm2左右,最高鲜花生单产1.6万余kg/hm2,产值6.4万元/hm2,并表现抗旱、耐瘠、适宜套作等优良特性,于2012年通过云南省品种认定。已在云南各主要花生产区推广应用2万hm2以上,并引进贵州、海南等省种植,显示出良好的应用前景。[结论]云花生3号中早熟、高产、品质优,适宜云南全省种植,也可在我国南方条件类似花生产区种植。

辣椒花生高效间作模式及适宜花生品种筛选研究

研究不同花生品种与辣椒在不同间作模式下的产量、经济效益,探索适宜云南的花生辣椒最佳间作模式并筛选适合该模式的花生品种。结果表明:与单作相比,辣椒花生间作具有明显的优势,其中2∶2间作模式下效果更显著。在该模式下,花生品种为云花生3号,在株距为30 cm时,其LER达到1.76,复合产量达到19 954 kg/hm2,总净产值分别比花生、辣椒单作增加271%、215%。辣椒花生间作选用2∶2模式,并选用适宜的耐荫、耐密型花生品种,合理密植,可有效提高群体经济效益,增产增效显著。