云南昭通赭室喀木虱发生为害规律初探

为摸清赭室喀木虱在云南昭通枇杷上的发生规律,于2021年12月至2023年4月通过在枇杷产区设立固定监测点,结合大面积果园实地观察和调查,描述了赭室喀木虱成虫、各龄若虫及卵等形态特征,并总结了其生活习性、为害特点、与枇杷生育期关系、越冬特点等。初步观察表明,赭室喀木虱成虫具跳跃性和短距离迁飞性,在枇杷嫩叶、成熟叶片背面吸取汁液;卵大多产于枇杷嫩梢、花穗、幼果、芽鳞、芽缝和嫩叶;若虫躲藏在嫩梢、芽基、叶柄、花穗等部位取食,影响花芽、新梢及幼果生长。赭室喀木虱在昭通市1年发生5~7代,在2—6月和8—11月各有1个发生高峰,其发生为害与枇杷生育期紧密相关;温度11~26℃、相对湿度55%~100%是赭室喀木虱生长发育的适宜温湿度条件。卵、若虫和成虫均可在当地越冬。研究结果可为昭通和其他地区做好该虫的综合防控提供参考。

“绥江半边红”李的主要性状及关键栽培技术

"绥江半边红"李是绥江县农业技术推广中心和云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所合作,从绥江县地方李品种优良单株选出的新品种,于2014年7月通过云南省非主要农作物品种鉴定。文章阐述了"绥江半边红"李的植物学特征、果实性状、结果特性、物候期、抗逆性和适应性等主要性状,介绍了果园选择、种苗选择、栽种及管护、整形修剪、疏花疏果、肥水管理和防治病虫等关键栽培技术。

“绥江半边红李”苗木繁育及病虫害防治

"绥江半边红李"是绥江县果农增收致富的农业主导产业。但是,在生产上还存在苗木育苗技术不过关和病虫害防治方法不合理等问题。笔者总结多年实践经验,从苗圃准备、砧木繁殖、嫁接育苗和苗圃管理等方面,简要介绍了"绥江半边红李"苗木快速繁育技术;从病虫害防治策略、防治关键时期和主要防治方法等方面,探讨其病虫害综合防治技术,以期为"绥江半边红李"产业发展和果农增收提供技术支撑。

Effects of Different N, P and K Fertilizer Levels on Growing Characters and Yield of Corn

[Objective] To provide scientific guidance for corn production in Suijiang County of Yunnan Province, explore the best recommended fertilization of corn, and provide a scientific basis for formulating the formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County. [Method] Through carrying out ＂3414＂ corn field fertilizer efficiency experiment in Suijiang County, with the help of ＂3414＂ field experiment design and data analysis management system＂ software, the ternary quadratic and one-variable quadratic fertilizer efficiency equations on corn yield were analyzed. [Result] The optimum fertilization scheme for corn in the region was as follows： when pure N, pure P2O5 and K2O were respectively 244.38, 58.75 and 107.38 kg/hm^2, the the obtained best yield of corn was 6 975.60 kg/hm^2, and the maximum benefit was 16 888.58RMB/hm^2. [Conclusion] The reasonable formula of N, P and K fertilizers can not only improve the yield of corn, but also increase economic benefit, having certain reference significance to the development of formula fertilization of corn in Suijiang County.

猕猴桃病虫害综合防控技术

病虫害严重威胁着猕猴桃果树的生长,使果树的成活率和产量大大降低。文章分析了猕猴桃主要病虫害溃疡病、褐斑病、小薪甲、桑白蚧的病症及规律,提出了加强病虫害的监测、做好植物检疫、栽植管理、物理及化学的防治措施。