野外长期污染土壤中残留多环芳烃的提取

[目的]准确定量野外污染土壤中残留的PAHs,为PAHs污染土壤的修复提供依据。[方法]针对长期石油污水灌溉农田土壤,对比了常用PAHs提取方法(索氏、震荡和超声提取方法)的提取效率差异。[结果]索氏提取法对土壤中总PAHs的可提取量最高(6 873.7μg/kg),其次为往复震荡提取法(6 698.8μg/kg),超声提取法最低(5 737.6μg/kg),约为前2种提取方法的84%左右;相对于其他提取方法,索氏提取对4环和6环PAHs的提取效率最高,震荡提取对2环和5环PAHs的提取效率最高,超声萃取仅对3环PAHs提取效率最高。[结论]该研究为野外污染土壤中残留PAHs定量评价方法的选择提供了技术支持。

Extraction of the Residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Long-term Contaminated Soil in the Field

[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.

西北黄土高原地区路域乡土植物资源筛选研究

[目的]通过对路用乡土植物区资源利用研究,解决生物工程所需的乡土植物资源不足问题。[方法]以西北黄土高原区为研究范围,以调查研究为主、试验研究为辅开展了乡土植物资源筛选的研究工作,调查了该区域能在恶劣条件下生长的植物种类及其在路域的适应状况,对有望大规模应用的植物组合模式进行了综合观测及评定。[结果]研究确定了该区中央分隔带可栽种乔木有4种,分别为侧柏、桧柏、圆柏、榆树;灌木有9种,分别为枸杞、柽柳、刺枚、连翘、四翅滨藜、榆叶梅、沙棘、紫穗槐、丁香。另皂荚、刺槐、沙枣、火炬、垂柳、旱柳及白腊树形高大饱满、景观效果好,适宜作为行道树种植;灌木分枝多、树形散乱、高度有限不宜单植,与植株比较高大的树种配合栽种可达到较好的景观效果;山桃、榆树易受虫害,宜和其他树种间植,在空间上阻隔传播。[结论]该研究为路域乡土植物资源筛选研究奠定了基础,为解决生物工程所需的乡土植物资源不足问题提供了帮助。