姜黄素的中枢药理作用研究进展

姜黄素(Curcumin)是从植物姜黄块根中提取的一种黄色色素,属多酚类化合物。大量已有研究证实了其在外周的药理作用,如抗动脉粥样硬化、抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病等;近年来人们发现姜黄素在中枢神经退行性疾病及精神紊乱性疾病如阿尔茨海默尔病、帕金森病、抑郁症、癫痫、焦虑等也有治疗作用。姜黄素作为一种强抗氧剂,通过调节体内氧化-还原平衡,减少氧化应激造成的损伤,从而发挥其神经保护作用。姜黄素的神经保护作用除了与其抗氧化作用有关外,还通过调节一系列信号蛋白如核转录因子κB(nuclear factor kapaa B,NF-κB),核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2),磷酸化丝裂原激活/细胞外信号调节激酶(p-mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase,p-MEK),磷酸化细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(p-extracellular regulatedprotein kinase,p-ERK),原癌基因c-fos,淀粉样前体蛋白(amyloid precursor protein,APP),β淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1(β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1,BACE1)等,影响BDNF/TrkB-MAPK/PI-3K-CREB信号转导通路,提高神经元的活性和突触功能,增强神经元可塑性,减少凋亡,继而改善神经退行性疾病症状。本文综述了姜黄素在中枢神经退行性疾病和脑缺血损伤、精神紊乱性疾病如抑郁和焦虑中的作用及其机制。

单次口服伐地那非片在健康志愿者的耐受性

目的 观察伐地那非对中国健康男性志愿者的耐受性。方法 用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、剂量递增试验设计,48名入选者,单次口服5,10,20和40 mg伐地那非分别对比给药前后及各剂量组间受试者的临床症状和实验室化验结果。结果 服药前后,受试者的体征没有显著性变化,组间受试者的体征没有明显差异,试验室检查结果中个别指标虽有统计学意义,但均在正常范围内,无临床意义。结论 受试者对伐地那非5～40 mg的应用剂量具有很好的耐受性,临床推荐1 0～20mg单次服用剂量。

肺脏的水孔蛋白家族

Aquaporins (AQPs) is a novel family of membrane protein which is in charge of the transportation of water across the membranes. It has been testified that AQPs may be related to many physiological functions and pathophysiological disorders. In lung, 6 subtypes of AQPs were found, 4 of which have been located in certain tissue. AQP1, AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 are located in upper respiratory tract and may contribute to the mucus production, bronchial moisturizing and gland secretion. AQP1 and AQP5 are located in lower respiratory tract and may participate in directing the water movement across the blood-gas barrier. AQPs in natal lung may be an important factor to accelerate the reabsorption of the lung liquid. In adult, some diseases such as asthma, pulmonary edema, adult respiratory distress syndrome, which have been considered unbalanced water movement, may be also concerned with AQPs. The relationship between lung edema and AQPs have not been elucidated in details. It should be verified how AQPs work in more organs and tissues as well as in some diseases.