新的文化概念肇始于雷蒙·威廉斯于20世纪50年代所作的理论阐述,但是如果落实到英国既有的思想语境上来看,"文化"的概念实于威廉斯以前便甚为流行,并已成为解释人们社会生活的一个重要语符。本文主要考察威廉斯以前,也就...新的文化概念肇始于雷蒙·威廉斯于20世纪50年代所作的理论阐述,但是如果落实到英国既有的思想语境上来看,"文化"的概念实于威廉斯以前便甚为流行,并已成为解释人们社会生活的一个重要语符。本文主要考察威廉斯以前,也就是在我们所称的"前英国文化研究"时期中,文化的概念得以塑型的过程。本文选择三位人物的著述作为样本,即马修·阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)的《文化与无政府状态》(Cultureand Anarchy,1869)、F.R.利维斯(F.R.Leavis)的《大众文明与少数人的文化》(Mass Civilization and Minority Culture,1930)、T.S.艾略特(T.S.Eliot)的《文化定义的札记》(Notes towards The Definition of Culture,1948),来考察他们对文化的表述。在他们三人对文化概念的确认中,可以看到一组反差性观念的运动及由此形成的曲线,即人文主义与宗教的交锋;其中,"文化"的概念是他们共同使用并以之表达自己不同立场的关键术语,"文化"为此既是理想的旗帜,也是战斗的口号,贯穿着意识形态的理念。展开更多
The term of neologism means both new words and new meanings of words, however, the recent studies of neologism pay more attention to new words rather than new meanings. This paper holds it is of great theoretical valu...The term of neologism means both new words and new meanings of words, however, the recent studies of neologism pay more attention to new words rather than new meanings. This paper holds it is of great theoretical value and immediate significance to enhance the study of new meanings of words, which have considerable influence on language with greater vitality than new words. The decoding and knowledge match in natural language communication XU Jie Abstract Following a brief review of the current theorizations of the mechanisms involved in natural language production and comprehension, we in this article argue that two significant properties of natural language communications have been largely neglected: (1) information loss in language encoding and information recovery by listeners in language comprehension; (2) the advance knowledge match in language decoding. We emphasize that they are two fundamental properties of natural language communications, which have a wide range of consequences over natural language processing and language learning and teaching.展开更多
文摘新的文化概念肇始于雷蒙·威廉斯于20世纪50年代所作的理论阐述,但是如果落实到英国既有的思想语境上来看,"文化"的概念实于威廉斯以前便甚为流行,并已成为解释人们社会生活的一个重要语符。本文主要考察威廉斯以前,也就是在我们所称的"前英国文化研究"时期中,文化的概念得以塑型的过程。本文选择三位人物的著述作为样本,即马修·阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)的《文化与无政府状态》(Cultureand Anarchy,1869)、F.R.利维斯(F.R.Leavis)的《大众文明与少数人的文化》(Mass Civilization and Minority Culture,1930)、T.S.艾略特(T.S.Eliot)的《文化定义的札记》(Notes towards The Definition of Culture,1948),来考察他们对文化的表述。在他们三人对文化概念的确认中,可以看到一组反差性观念的运动及由此形成的曲线,即人文主义与宗教的交锋;其中,"文化"的概念是他们共同使用并以之表达自己不同立场的关键术语,"文化"为此既是理想的旗帜,也是战斗的口号,贯穿着意识形态的理念。
文摘The term of neologism means both new words and new meanings of words, however, the recent studies of neologism pay more attention to new words rather than new meanings. This paper holds it is of great theoretical value and immediate significance to enhance the study of new meanings of words, which have considerable influence on language with greater vitality than new words. The decoding and knowledge match in natural language communication XU Jie Abstract Following a brief review of the current theorizations of the mechanisms involved in natural language production and comprehension, we in this article argue that two significant properties of natural language communications have been largely neglected: (1) information loss in language encoding and information recovery by listeners in language comprehension; (2) the advance knowledge match in language decoding. We emphasize that they are two fundamental properties of natural language communications, which have a wide range of consequences over natural language processing and language learning and teaching.
