当代高校青年志愿服务存在的问题及对策——以华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院为例

本文以华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院为例，提出了新形势下我国高校青年志愿服务过程中存在的不足，并结合院系自身的志愿服务工作提出了相应的解决对策。

Amorphous core-shell NiMoP@CuNWs rod-like structure with hydrophilicity feature for efficient hydrogen production in neutral media

Using interface engineering,a highly efficient catalyst with a shell@core structure was successfully synthesized by growing an amorphous material composed of Ni,Mo,and P on Cu nanowires(Ni-MoP@CuNWs).This catalyst only requires an overpotential of 35 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2).The exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity is attributed to the unique amorphous rod-like nature of NiMoP@CuNWs,which possesses a special hydrophilic feature,en-hances mass transfer,promotes effective contact between the electrode and electrolyte solution,and exposes more active sites during the catalytic process.Density functional theory revealed that the introduction of Mo weakens the binding strength of the Ni site on the catalyst surface with the H atom and promotes the desorption process of the H_(2) product significantly.Owing to its facile syn-thesis,low cost,and high catalytic performance,this electrocatalyst is a promising option for com-mercial applications as a water electrolysis catalyst.

Roles of heteroatoms in electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting:A review focusing on the reaction mechanism

Alkaline water splitting is a promising technology for“green hydrogen”generation.To improve its efficiency,highly robust catalysts are required to reduce the overpotential for low electrical power consumption.Heteroatom modification is one of the most effective strategies for boosting catalytic performance,as it can regulate the physicochemical properties of host catalysts to improve their intrinsic activity.Herein,aiming to provide an overview of the impact of heteroatoms on catalytic activity at the atomic level,we present a review of the key role of heteroatoms in enhancing reaction kinetics based on the reaction pathways of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline media.In particular,the introduction of heteroatoms can directly and indirectly optimize the interactions between the active sites and intermediates,thus improving the intrinsic activity.To clearly illustrate this influence in detail,we have summarized a series of representative heteroatom-modified electrocatalysts and discussed the important roles of heteroatoms in the OER and HER reaction pathways.Finally,some challenges and perspectives for heteroatom-modified electrodes are discussed.We hope that this review will be helpful for the development of efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for water electrolysis and other energy conversion applications.

Experimental method to explore the adaptation degree of type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-scheme heterojunction structures in the same degradation system

TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal method and modified with CgN to syn-thesize a Type-Ⅱheterojunction semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C;Na.In addition,a carbon layerwas coated onto the TiO2 nanoparticles and the obtained material was uniformly covered on thesurface of CaNa to form an all-solid-state Z-scheme semiconductor photocatalyst,TiO2-C-C3N4,Through characterization by XRD,XPS,SEM,TEM,BET,photoelectrochemical experiments,UV-visible diffuse reflection,and PL spectroscopy,the charge transfer mechanism and band gappositions for the composite photocatalysts were analyzed.The Type-Ⅱand all-solid-state Z-schemeheterojunction structures were compared.By combining microscopic internal mechanisms withmacroscopic experimental phenomena,the relationship between performance and structure wasverified.Experimental methods were used to explore the adaptation degree of different photocata-lytic mechanisms using the same degradation system.This study highlights effective photocatalystdesign to meet the requirements for specific degradation conditions.

LSDA+U study on the electronic and anti-ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped CuO and Cu-doped NiO

Doping is an effective way to improve the activity of photocatalysts.The effect of doping on the magnetic properties of some photocatalysts that are easily recycled was studied using the local spin density approximation(LSDA)+U method on typical divalent metal oxide semiconductors CuO,NiO,Ni‐doped CuO,and Cu‐doped NiO.It is found that the influence of Ni doping on the spatial structure of CuO and that of Cu doping on the spatial structure of NiO are negligible because of the similar radii of Ni2+and Cu2+.The valence band and conduction band for Ni‐doped CuO are clearly spin‐split,corresponding to a net effective magnetic moment ofμeff=1.66μB.This may improve the photocatalytic efficiency and raise the recycle rate of photocatalysts.In the Cu‐doped NiO system,the presence of Cu3d states near to the Fermi level increases the width of the valence band and narrows the band gap with respect to that in pure NiO.Beyond the Cu3d states,within the band gap,appear two energy levels around the Fermi level,which may effectively separate the electron‐hole pair and also lead to enhanced absorption of visible light and infrared light.It can be concluded that the observed changes in the band structure may be helpful for improving the activity of photocatalysts and the doped systems have net magnetic moments,meaning that they are easily recycled and can be reused.

Emerging Research Efficacy Through Scaffolded Research Practice: An EFL Preservice Teacher Autobiographical Narrative

EFL preservice teachers ’ research efficacy, as perceived competence to perform tasks in research, is crucial to their research engagement. This autobiographical narrative inquiry investigates the contribution of scaffolded research practice to a female EFL preservice teacher ’s research efficacy.The data were collected through conversations, notes, journals, and portfolios. The findings suggest that teacher research efficacy was pliable through scaffolded research practice. It emerged gradually over time, in different places with social and personal interaction. The factors contributing to the emerging research efficacy were: teacher educators ’ support, peers ’ support,and research participation. The study sheds light on teacher educators and EFL preservice teachers,with the intention of establishing an inquiry-based pedagogy for M.Ed. programs.

Recent advances in radical‐mediated transformations of 1,3‐dienes

1,3‐Dienes are a class of easily accessible and versatile feedstock chemicals that can participate in a wide range of reactions to facilitate the synthesis of various valuable allylic compounds.In the past decades,radical methodology has emerged as a powerful tool for organic synthesis by virtue of the fact that diverse highly reactive radical species can usually be generated under mild,neutral and controlled conditions,and allow for rapid generation of molecular complexity.In this review,we critically illustrate the recent advances in the field of radical‐mediated transformations of 1,3‐dienes based on the different radical precursors and working modes.Wherever possible,particular emphasis is also put on the related mechanistic studies and synthetic applications.

Practical C–P bond formation via heterogeneous photoredox and nickel synergetic catalysis

An efficient C–P bond formation reaction was developed by virtue of the synergetic catalysis strategy by merging heterogeneous photocatalysis and nickel catalysis.This platform utilizing cadmium sulfide semiconductors as heterogeneous photocatalysts and nickel complexes as transition metal catalysts provided a variety of organophosphorus compounds from readily available aryl and vinyl halides,as well as aryl triflates,with generally a good-to-excellent reaction efficiency(31 examples,46%-98%yields).The current protocol features mild reaction conditions,a broad substrate scope,recyclability of photocatalysts,and inexpensive catalysts,thus defining the practical and economic proprieties of the present catalyst system.

Mode-Specific Quantum Dynamics Study of OH+H_(2)S→H_(2)O+SH Reaction

The hydrogen abstraction reaction from H_(2)S by OH is of key importance in understanding of the causes of acid rain,air pollution,and climate change.In this work,the reaction OH+H_(2)S→H_(2)O+SH is investigated on a recently developed ab initio-based globally accurate potential energy surface by the time-dependent wave packet approach under a reduceddimensional model.This reaction behaves like a barrier-less reaction at low collision energies and like an activated reaction with a well-defined barrier at high collision energies.Exciting either the symmetric or antisymmetric stretching mode of the molecule H_(2)S enhances the reactivity more than exciting the bending mode,which is rationalized by the coupling strength of each normal mode with the reaction coordinate.In addition,the modespecific rate constant shows a remarkable non-Arrhenius temperature dependence.

Terminology Translations of Austin’s Speech Act Tripartite Model in China

Judging from the references, Chinese scholars have dozens of terminology translations on the British analytic philosopher Austin’s locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. There is no unified translation for it, and scholars did not cause enough attention to this. Thus teachers use the terms in the classroom inconsistently, resulting in doctoral students, graduates and undergraduates writing dissertations in confusion and chaos. This paper reviews and trims 25 frequently -used terminology translations of Speech Act Tripartite Model since 1955. Furthermore, some suggestions on Chinese terminology translations of it are put forward as well.

QCD Chiral Phase Transition and Its Microscopic Origin

The transition of strong-interaction matter from the hadronic phase to the quark-gluon plasma phase is a rapid crossover but not a true phase transition in nature.The true phase transition of strong-interaction matter is expected to exist only in certain limits,e.g.chiral limit of massless quarks and etc.In this contribution to CNPC2023 Special Issue we present our recent studies on the true phase transition of strong-interaction matter in the chiral limit of massless quarks as well as its microscopic origin.The study is based on(2+1)-flavor lattice QCD simulations using highly improved staggered fermions,with pion masses ranging from 160 MeV down to 55 MeV.Utilizing a newly proposed method to compute the quark mass derivatives of the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum on the lattice,it is found that the axial U(1)anomaly is still manifested at 1.6T_(c),with a microscopic origin consistent with the dilute instanton gas approximation.Furthermore,based on lattice QCD results and a generalized Banks-Casher relation,it is found that the macroscopic singularity of the chiral phase transition is encoded in the correlation of the Dirac eigenvalue spectrum.Future research directions along these findings are also discussed,including the investigation of the temperature range between T_(c) and 1.6 T_(c) to understand the breakdown of the dilute instanton gas approximation and its connection to the chiral phase transition.

High-quality Development of Public Health in Guizhou Province, China

People’s health is the basis for the progress of social civilization and an important symbol of national prosperity and national strength.Using the entropy method,spatial autocorrelation,spatio-temporal geographic weighted regression and other methods,we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the high-quality development level of public health in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2020 and an evolutionary analysis of the spatio-temporal divergence.The results revealed four key aspects of the state of public health in Guizhou Province.(1)The overall level of public health is constantly improving,but structural imbalance is prominent.(2)From the spatial dimension,the spatial differences in the level of public health have gradually moved from significant to a state of equilibrium.The northeastern cities were more strongly driven by the radiation of the peripheral cities,while this effect was weaker in the southwestern cities.From the time dimension,the spatial pattern shows a clear gradient,with a faster vertical growth rate.(3)The overall spatial correlation of the level of public health is weak,with more cold spots than hot spots,showing a distribution pattern of“strong in the northeast and weak in the southwest”.(4)The new rural cooperative medical care participation rate,(rural)per capita health expenditure,and the electronic health record creation rate have become the most important drivers affecting the high-quality development of public health in Guizhou Province.

Solving Schrodinger Equation with Soft Constrained Monotonic Neural Network

Artificial Neural Network(ANN)has become a powerful tool in the field of scientific research with its powerful information encapsulation ability and convenient variational optimization method.In particular,there have been many recent advances in computational physics to solve variational problems.Deep Neural Network(DNN)is used to represent the wave function to solve quantum many-body problems using variational optimization.In this work we used a new Physics-Informed Neural Network(PINN)to represent the Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)of some classical problems in quantum mechanics and to obtain their ground state wave function and ground state energy through the CDF.By benchmarking against the exact solution,the error of the results can be controlled at a very low level.This new network architecture and optimization method can provide a new choice for solving quantum many-body problems.

Spatio-temporal Changes in Wildlife Habitat Quality in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2100 based on the InVEST Model

The Yangtze River(YZR) regions have experienced rapid changes after opening up to economic reforms, and human activities have changed the land cover, ecology, and wildlife habitat quality. However, the specific ways in which those influencing factors changed the habitat quality during different periods remain unknown. This study assessed the wildlife habitat quality of the middle and lower YZR in the past(1980–2018) and in future scenarios(2050, 2100). We analyzed the relationships between habitat quality and various topological social-economic factors, and then mapped and evaluated the changes in habitat quality by using the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model. The results show that the slope(R = 0.502, P < 0.01, in 2015), elevation(R = 0.003, P < 0.05, in 2015), population density(R = –0.299, P < 0.01, in 2015), and NDVI(R = 0.366, P < 0.01, in 2015) in the study area were significantly correlated with habitat quality from 2000 to 2015. During the period of 1980–2018, 61.93% of the study area experienced habitat degradation and 38.07% of the study area had improved habitat quality. In the future, the habitat quality of the study area will decline under either the A2 scenario(high level of population density, low environmental technology input, and high traditional energy cost) or the B2 scenario(medium level of population density, medium green technology and lack of cooperation of regional governments). The results also showed that habitat in the lower reaches or north of the YZR had degraded more than in the middle reaches or the south of YZR. Therefore, regional development should put more effort into environmental protection, curb population growth, and encourage green technology innovation. Inter-province cooperation is necessary when dealing with ecological problems. This study can serve as a scientific reference for regional wildlife protection and similar investigations in different areas.

What Characterizes Chinese Students’ Exposition Besides Deduction and Induction?: A Comparative Rhetoric Perspective

Rhetorical features of Chinese writers’essays have been studied for decades but inconsistent interpretations of deduction and induction lead to controversial results.Taking a comparative rhetoric perspective,this paper clarifies the notions of deduction and induction and investigates what rhetorical features characterize Chinese expository paragraphs besides deduction and induction and whether Chinese EFL learners’English paragraphs have similar features.Two kinds of data sources were used—29 full-score Chinese expositions in College Entrance Examinations and 29 English expositions written by Chinese EFL learners.The results show that deduction is preferred in both Chinese and EFL writing,and that rhetorical paragraphs and coordinate paragraphs are particular to Chinese writing while the EFL learners’paragraphs display hybrid rhetoric such as semi-coordination.It is concluded that neither Chinese paragraphs nor EFL ones are similar to the modern English rhetorical paradigm,and English rhetoric instruction will facilitate the introspection of the two kinds of rhetoric.

Resilience, Adaptability, and Regime Shifts Thinking: A Perspective of Dryland Socio-ecology System

Arid areas are widespread globally and support a third of the world’s population’s livelihoods. The increasing population, urbanization, land-use changes, and the climate significantly affect coupled natural and human systems and threaten environments and socio-ecological land systems. The degradation of drylands poses a severe and widespread threat to the lives of millions of people, especially in developing countries and in the global environment. This review assesses published literature on dryland socio-ecological systems to reveal current research trends and changes in research themes over time and introduces basic theories and advances in dryland socio-ecological system frameworks, resilience measurement, and regime shifts. Developing a more general but adaptable framework and a more practical strategy for long-term coordination and partnership and attaining specific insights into ecological services should receive more attention and be strengthened in future studies on drylands sustainability.