Short-term prediction of photovoltaic power generation based on LMD-EE-ESN with error correction

Considering the instability of the output power of photovoltaic(PV)generation system,to improve the power regulation ability of PV power during grid-connected operation,based on the quantitative analysis of meteorological conditions,a short-term prediction method of PV power based on LMD-EE-ESN with iterative error correction was proposed.Firstly,through the fuzzy clustering processing of meteorological conditions,taking the power curves of PV power generation in sunny,rainy or snowy,cloudy,and changeable weather as the reference,the local mean decomposition(LMD)was carried out respectively,and their energy entropy(EE)was taken as the meteorological characteristics.Then,the historical generation power series was decomposed by LMD algorithm,and the hierarchical prediction of the power curve was realized by echo state network(ESN)prediction algorithm combined with meteorological characteristics.Finally,the iterative error theory was applied to the correction of power prediction results.The analysis of the historical data in the PV power generation system shows that this method avoids the influence of meteorological conditions in the short-term prediction of PV output power,and improves the accuracy of power prediction on the condition of hierarchical prediction and iterative error correction.

Effect of Different Laser Energy Nitriding on the Fretting Wear Performance of Zr Alloy

The zirconium(Zr)alloy fuel cladding is one of the key structural components of a nuclear reactor and the first and most important line of defense for accommodating fission products.During the operation of nuclear reactors,Zr alloy fuel cladding is subjected to extreme harsh environments,such as high temperature,high pressure and high flow rate for a long period of time.The wear and corrosion resistance of Zr alloys is important for the safe operation of nuclear reactors.Surface modification can effectively improve the corrosion and wear resistance of fuel cladding.Compared with coating technology,nitriding technology does not have problems for bonding between the coating and the substrate.Current research on surface nitriding of Zr alloys mainly focuses on plasma nitriding and ion implantation techniques.Research on laser nitriding of Zr alloy surfaces and their fretting wear characteristics is scarce.In this study,the surface of Zr alloy was treated with laser nitriding at different laser energies.The microstructure of Zr alloy treated with different laser energies and its fretting wear performance were studied.The results showed that after nitriding with different laser energies,the surface of the Zr alloy showed a typical molten state after melting,vaporizing and cooling under the thermal effect of the laser,and this state was more obvious with the increase of the laser energy.At the same time,doping of N atoms and formation of the ZrN phase led to different cooling rates in the molten zone that produced large tensile stresses after cooling.This led to cracks on the surface of Zr alloys after laser nitriding at different energies,and the crack density increased with increasing laser energy.This also led to an increase in the surface roughness of the Zr alloy with increasing laser energy after laser nitriding treatment.Due to the presence of water in the industrial nitrogen,nitrides were generated on the surface of the sample along with some oxides.When the laser energy was 100 mJ,there was no ZrN generation,and N existed mainly as a diffusion layer within the Zr alloy substrate.ZrN generated when the laser energy reached 200 mJ and above,which increased with the increase of laser energy.Due to the generation of ZrN phase and the presence of some oxides,the surface Vickers hardness of Zr alloys after laser nitriding treatment at different energies increased by 37.5%compared to Zr alloys.After laser nitriding treatment,the wear mechanism of Zr alloys changed.For the untreated Zr alloys,the wear mechanism was dominated by delamination and spalling wear,accompanied by oxidative and abrasive wear.The phenomenon of delamination and peeling decreased with the increase of laser energy.Wear mechanisms changed to predominantly abrasive wear with oxidative wear and delamination spalling.The wear volume of sample nitriding with laser energy 400 mJ was reduced by 46.5%compared with that of untreated Zr alloy.

Twinning behaviors of Mg-Sn alloy with basal or prismatic Mg_(2)Sn

The Mg-Sn alloys,with basal or prismatic Mg_(2)Sn laths,were employed to reveal the effect of precipitate orientation on twinning behavior quantitatively.The Mg-5wt.%Sn alloys with basal or prismatic Mg_(2)Sn were compressed to study the twinning behaviors.Subsequently,an Orowan strengthening model was developed to quantitatively investigate the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS)increment of precipitates on twinning.The results revealed that the prismatic precipitates hindered the transfer and growth of tensile twins more effectively compared with the basal precipitates.The decreased proportion of tensile twins containing prismatic Mg_(2)Sn might be attributed to a larger CRSS increment for tensile twins compared with that for basal precipitates.The obvious decreased twinning transfer in the alloy with prismatic Mg_(2)Sn could be due to its higher geometrically necessary dislocation and enhanced CRSS of tensile twins.Notably,the prismatic precipitates have a better hindering effect on tensile twins during compression.

深水超大沉井基础建造的创新突破

随着杨泗港长江大桥、五峰山长江大桥、沪苏通长江大桥等一大批世界级桥梁的建成通车,我国正从桥梁大国走向桥梁强国。国家发展改革委印发的《长江干线过江通道布局规划》(2020—2035年)指出,要“集约利用通道资源”“整体考虑多功能合并过江通道的主体结构与两侧引线”,并多次强调“多功能合并过江”,大跨、重载、多种交通功能组合桥已成为未来桥梁发展的方向。大跨、重载桥梁的基础是控制桥梁快速发展的重要因素,沉井基础因其整体性与稳定性好,竖向和水平承载能力强,在跨江、跨海桥梁建造中被广泛应用。

小波熵证据的信息融合在电力系统故障诊断中的应用

电力系统中快速准确的故障诊断是事故后隔离故障元件、恢复系统正常运行的首要前提,具有重要意义。该文从信息融合的角度出发,提出利用多种小波熵测度的融合来解决电力系统故障诊断问题。小波熵测度由于结合了小波变换和信息熵理论的优势,能快速准确地提取线路故障特征,但由于故障的不确定性和多样性,依靠单一的小波熵测度诊断故障可能出现诊断困难或诊断失真等问题,因此提出采用D-S证据理论对多种小波熵进行信息融合,并采用范数加权平均的方法来建立基本可信度分配,以基本可信数的决策方法来实现故障模式诊断。基于EMTDC和Matlab的仿真证明,该方法能提高对故障诊断结果的支持度及故障诊断的准确性和实时性,是故障模式定量诊断的一种可行性新方法。

基于Agent的递阶强化学习模型与体系结构

通过引入频率最大Q值启发式学习算法,对一种递阶强化学习方法进行改进,解决在庞大状态空间和动态变化环境中对Agent进行最优行为策略学习的问题。引入属性维护算子以及承诺和规划意识属性,对经典信念、愿望、意图模型进行扩展,给出意识属性的理性维护过程,增强Agent的自适应性并使Agent具有在动态环境中进行在线学习的能力。根据意识模型提出一种具有主动性、适应性、反应性、社会性的Agent体系结构,并根据该体系结构开发出一种路径规划Agent。通过对行驶环境的组态设定,模拟车辆复杂的行驶状态,并通过对行驶状态的不断学习,最终获得最优路径,证明体系结构的可行性和有效性。

链形悬挂系统静态弹性的解析计算

在悬索模型的基础上,通过将集中载荷替换成分布载荷在算法中引入接触线和承力索的抗弯刚度2个参数,通过提出拉出值等效吊弦分布的概念在算法中计算接触线拉出值对悬挂系统静态弹性的影响,给出简单链型悬挂系统和弹性链型悬挂系统的静态弹性的解析形式计算方法,分析接触网系统设计参数对静态弹性的影响。采用实际检测数据进行仿真计算,并将计算结果与实测数据进行比较。研究结果表明:解析形式计算方法能够有效仿真接触网系统各设计参数对链型悬挂系统静态弹性的影响;增大接触线和承力索的张力和抗弯刚度,以及减小跨距会减小链型悬挂系统的静态弹性;接触线拉出值与吊弦分布对链型悬挂系统静态弹性的影响比较复杂。

新农村建设中的垃圾处理对策探讨

建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大任务,而"村容整洁"又是新农村建设的重要内容。本文针对目前农村垃圾的产生特点和处理过程中存在的问题,提出了制定农村环境卫生管理条例、引进市场化机制、因地制宜建立垃圾收运处理系统、建立长效的垃圾处理运行监管机制、加大宣传和教育力度、提高村民的环境意识等对策措施。

高速公路应急救助的资源规划选址模型

探讨了高速公路交通事故紧急救助的资源需求,分析了救援响应时间与救援资源布局的关系。以路段为分析单元,根据路段事故数和事故损失计算了路段的权重,提出了成本限制条件下,使救援系统效益最大的优化模型。提出了模型的求解算法,以最优效益为优化测度,用贪婪算法可得模型的满意解。最后,以实例说明了模型的应用。

基于面板数据的代际收入流动研究

基于中国健康和营养调查中的农村数据,在面板数据条件下使用滞后水平变量作为工具变量分别对代际收入流动的单方程和系统方程进行估计,发现特定时期的单方程估计结果受工具变量的选取影响较大,而系统估计所得的代际收入弹性为0.446。这说明父辈收入与子辈收入之间存在较强相关性,代际收入流动性较弱,收入财富呈现出一定的代际继承性。因此,在减少收入分配差距的同时,政府应着重增加公共资源的供给,提供更多的职业培训,从而为农村子女发展创造更多的机会,以增加代际间的流动性。

我国高校知识产权管理浅析

高等院校知识产权作为衡量高校科学研究能力和对经济贡献能力的标志之一 ,将成为高等院校保持竞争力的重要资源。文章分析了高校目前知识产权管理中存在的主要问题 ,即价值观问题和技术成果转化等问题 。

连拱隧道中墙型式受力比选

采用有限元数值方法对不同中墙型式下连拱隧道结构与围岩的受力特征作了详细计算分析,得出了不同围岩条件下对受力有利的中墙型式,为连拱隧道的合理设计提供理论根据。

三电平ZCS充电结构的工作特性研究

本文探讨了将三电平变换器应用于充电电源的可能性,从其工作原理入手分析了其工作特性、指出了其存在的优势并给出了三电平ZCS充电结构的参数设计依据。另外,还针对储能电容的取值进行了论述,指出储能电容的取值对重复精度的影响。最后通过设计若干组仿真实验进行了验证,得出TL变换器可以用于改善充电电源某些方面的性能指标的结论。

塑料排水板在宁启线软基加固中的应用

介绍宁启线软土地基加固中,采用塑料排水板、土工格栅和砂垫层综合加固技术加固软土地基经验,经济合理,效果良好。

Interactions of Anionic and Neutral Serine with Pure and Metal-doped Graphene Studied by Density Functional Theory

We present a theoretical study of interactions of anionic and neutral serine （Ser） on pure or metal-doped graphene surfaces using density functional theory calculations. Interactions of both types of Ser with the pure graphene surface show weak non-covalent interactions due to the formation of-COOH…π, -COO^-…π, and -OH…π interactions. On metal- doped graphene, covalent interactions to the surface dominate, due to the formation of strong metal-O and O-metal-O interactions. Furthermore, the doped Fe, Cr, Mn, A1, or Ti enhances the ability of graphene to attract both types of Ser by a combination of the adsorption energy, the density of states, the Mulliken atomic charges, and differences of electron density. At the same time, the interaction strengths of anionic Ser on various graphene surfaces are stronger than those of neutral Ser. These results provide useful insights for the rational design and development of graphene-based sensors for the two forms of Ser by introducing appropriate doped atoms. Ti and Fe are suggested to be the best choices among all doped atoms for the anionic Ser and neutral Ser, respectively.

Improving impact wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated by laser shock peening

The effects of laser shock peening (LSP) on the impact wear behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloys were investigated by a homemade impact wear test rig. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the peened samples were studied. During the impact wear test, the energy absorption, impact force, wear contact time and wear mechanism of all the test samples were investigated in terms of the influence of the impact kinetic energy. The results showed that microhardness, elastic modulus and residual compressive stress of the treated samples were markedly improved. The wear resistances of both treated samples were highly improved after LSP, and a higher pulse energy corresponded to a more obvious effect. Besides, the wear in all test samples involved a combination of abrasive and oxidation wear and fatigue spalling.

Wettability, microstructure and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy/304 stainless steel butt joint achieved by laser-metal inert-gas hybrid welding-brazing

Laser-metal inert-gas(MIG)hybrid welding-brazing was applied to the butt joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint were studied.An excellent joint-section shape was achieved from good wettability on both sides of the stainless steel.Scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry indicated an intermetallic compound(IMC)layer at the 6061-T6/304 interface.The IMC thickness was controlled to be^2μm,which was attributed to the advantage of the laser-MIG hybrid method.Fe3Al dominated in the IMC layer at the interface between the stainless steel and the back reinforcement.The IMC layer in the remaining regions consisted mainly of Fe4Al13.A thinner IMC layer and better wettability on both sides of the stainless steel were obtained,because of the optimized energy distribution from a combination of a laser beam with a MIG arc.The average tensile strength of the joint with reinforcement using laser-MIG hybrid process was improved to be 174 MPa(60%of the 6061-T6 tensile strength),which was significantly higher than that of the joint by traditional MIG process.

Effect of ECAP process on liquid distribution of AZ80M alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

Two kinds of semi-solid samples of AZ80−0.2Y−0.15Ca(wt.%)(AZ80M)magnesium alloy were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment of materials with and without equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)process.The microstructures of initial and semi-solid treated samples were compared and analyzed.The results showed a significant difference in the liquid phase distribution between three-pass ECAP processed(3P)and as-received samples during the isothermal heating process.The semi-solid 3P sample showed a more uniform liquid distribution due to its smaller dihedral angle.Besides,the coarsening processes of solid grains of as-received and 3P samples were dominated by the coalescence and Ostwald ripening mechanism,respectively.The difference of coarsening processes was mainly related to the proportion of the high-angle grain boundaries in materials,which further affected the evolution behavior of the liquid pools.

谈谈职业形象

职业形象是社会、公众对特定职业及其从业人员外在的仪表、行为、操行等的综合评价。良好的职业形象具有引起注意、建立沟通与信任，从而实现职业目标的功能。

Competitive location problem of multi-level pickup point considering cooperative coverage

To occupy a greater market share in terminal distribution, companies are urged to make full use of cooperative coverage formed with brand effect and information sharing in the layout of pickup points. Based on the diversity of pickup points, the piecewise function, signal intensity function and probability function are introduced. Meanwhile, considering the effect of distance satisfaction and cooperation coverage on customer behavior, the location model of the pickup point under competitive environments is established. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by a case. The results show that the sensitivity of weighted demand coverages to budget decreases gradually. The maximum weighted demand coverage increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the signal threshold, and there is a positive correlation with the change of the actual demand coverage to the senior customers, but it is negatively related to the intermediate and primary customers. When the number of high-level pickup points in a competitive enterprise is small, the advantage of the target enterprise is more significant. Through comparison, the cooperative coverage model is better than the non-cooperative coverage model, in terms of the weighted demand coverage, the construction cost and the attention paid to the important customers.