水文地质结构与水库诱发地震

本文基于断层渗透结构和岩体渗透稳定性两个概念,提出了水文地质结构及其分类方案。通过理论分析和水库地震案例解析,阐述了水文地质结构对诱发地震的制约作用。提出了基于水文地质结构进行水库诱发地震危险性评价的思路。对水库诱发地震危险性评价具有一定借鉴意义。

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite materials for environmental applications

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM)perovskite materials have attracted the interest from researchers worldwide due to their unique macroporous structure,flexible composition,tailorable physicochemical property,high stability and biocompatibility.In particular,they were widely used in environmental field,such as photocatalysis,catalytic combustion,catalytic oxidation and sensors.In this review,the recent progresses in the synthesis of 3DOM perovskite materials and their environmental applications are summarized.The advantages and the promoting mechanisms of 3DOM perovskite materials for different applications are discussed in detail.Subsequently,the challenges and perspectives on the topic are proposed.

Recent advances in cobalt-, nickel-, and iron-based chalcogen compounds as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

The electroactive materials used in the counter electrode(CE)are of great concern as they influence the photovoltaic performances of dye-sensitized solar cells.The main functions of CE materials are collecting electrons from the external circuit and transferring them to the electrolyte and realizing the catalytic reduction of the redox species(I3^– or Co^3+)present in the electrolyte.The research hotspot of CE materials is seeking functional materials that display high efficiency,low cost,and good electrochemical stability and can substitute the benchmark platinum electrode.Chalcogen compounds of cobalt,nickel,and iron have been widely applied as CE materials and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performances owing to their unique electrical properties,similar energies of adsorption of I atoms as platinum,excellent catalytic activities,and good chemical stabilities.In this review,we trace the developments and performances of chalcogen compounds of iron,cobalt,and nickel as CE materials and present the latest research directions for improving the electrocatalytic performances.We then highlight the optimization strategies for further improving their performances,such as fabrication of architectures,regulation of the components,synthesis of composites containing carbon materials,and elemental doping.

Selective synthesis of Sb2S3 nanostructures with different morphologies for high performance in dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work,we initially synthesized Sb2S3 with uniform flower-like structures via a facile hydrothermal method through the modification of the Sb source and pH value.Afterward,Sb2S3 with a nanosheet structure was successfully synthesized on reduced graphene oxide(Sb2S3@RGO).The flower-like Sb2S3 and the Sb2S3@RGO nanosheets were tested as the counter electrode(CE)of dye-sensitized solar cells,and the latter exhibited a higher electrocatalytic property than the former owing to the introduction of graphene.The results from electrochemical tests indicated that the as-prepared Sb2S3@RGO nanosheets possess higher catalytic activity,charge-transfer ability,and electrochemical stability than Sb2S3,RGO,and Pt CEs.More notably,the power conversion efficiency of Sb2S3@RGO reached 8.17%,which was higher than that of the standard Pt CE(7.75%).

乳品中三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的气相色谱-质谱-质谱测定方法

2008年我国发生了三聚氰胺污染乳制品的突发公共卫生事件，造成了严重的婴幼儿肾结石，使得我国面临食品安全的重大危机。在此事件的调查过程中，迫切需要了解污染奶制品中三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸的含量，从而为判断结石的形成机制提供可靠的依据，这就需要准确可靠的三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸测定方法。