高通量血液透析对老年患者营养及体能状况的影响

血液透析（Hemodialysis）简称血透，是血液净化技术的一种，其基本原理是利用半透膜通过扩散将流体内各种有害以及多余的代谢废物和过多的电解质移出体外，达到净化血液的目的，并达到纠正水电解质及酸碱平衡的目的。目前，血液透析是维持终末期肾病患者生命的最常用治疗手段。随着中国人口老龄化的加剧以及透析技术的发展与普及，终末期肾病患者的数量在增多，需要血液透析维持生命的患者亦呈现逐年增多的趋势。

血管急诊回顾

This article reviews the initial assessment and emergent management of several common as well as uncommon vascular emergencies.Aortic dissection,aneurysms,and arterial occlusive are familiar but challenging clinical entities.Less frequently encountered conditions are also discussed including aortic enteric fistula,mesenteric venous thrombosis,phlegmasia alba dolens,and subclavian vein thrombosis.