双介质耦合刚性基弹性层平面应变型导波模式及界面散射能量分配

过渡段动力稳定性问题已成为制约400 km/h及以上高铁路基设计的关键难题,亟需从波动和能量的角度探究由基础非均匀引发的线路系统动力响应放大机理.文章将轨下基础简化为上表面自由、底端固定的刚性基弹性层,将高铁过渡段车致弹性波传播问题提炼为非均匀介质刚性基弹性层中波的散射问题,建立双介质耦合刚性基弹性层平面应变模型,优化该类波导结构频散方程在复平面求根方法,并结合岩土类介质特征展开刚性基弹性层频散分析,以明确其多模式导波特性及散射能量分配,最后,围绕弹性层厚度、刚度比等影响因素开展对比分析.结果表明:刚性基弹性层各模式导波均具有截止频率,弹性层厚度越小,杨氏模量越大,各阶导波模式的截止频率越高;入射波在双介质刚性基弹性层发生散射后,透射场基阶模式导波会占据主体能量,随着高阶导波模式被逐一激发,反射场及透射场高阶模式能量占比会在全频率范围呈现“此消彼长”状态;交换两侧弹性层材料,改变弹性层厚度及两弹性层刚度比不会显著改变能量分布规律,但总体来看,能量更易集中在较软侧弹性层中,各模式导波在激发初始频段会更为活跃,可分配到更多能量.

Evaluation of driving behavior based on massive vehicle trajectory data

Based on the driver surveillance video data and controller area network(CAN)data,the methods of studying commercial vehicles’driving behavior is relatively advanced.However,these methods have difficulty in covering private vehicles.Naturalistic driving studies have disadvantages of small sample size and high cost,one new driving behavior evaluation method using massive vehicle trajectory data is put forward.An automatic encoding machine is used to reduce the noise of raw data,and then driving dynamics and self-organizing mapping(SOM)classification are used to give thresholds or the judgement method of overspeed,rapid speed change,rapid turning and rapid lane changing.The proportion of different driving behaviors and typical dangerous driving behaviors is calculated,then the temporal and spatial distribution of drivers’driving behavior and the driving behavior characteristics on typical roads are analyzed.Driving behaviors on accident-prone road sections and normal road sections are compared.Results show that in Shenzhen,frequent lane changing and overspeed are the most common unsafe driving behaviors;16.1%drivers have relatively aggressive driving behavior;the proportion of dangerous driving behavior is higher outside the original economic special zone;dangerous driving behavior is highly correlated with traffic accident frequency.

A case study of performance-based pavement maintenance and rehabilitation needs assessment in Pennsylvania

This paper presents the theory,method,and application of performance-based pavement needs assessment at a state level,using the Pennsylvania Interstate System as an example.First,a general framework is presented for the pavement asset management and a general optimization model is established for the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation needs assessment.Also,the bundling of pavement segments for the project implementation is discussed.Using the examples of Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan and Long Range Transportation Plan for Pennsylvania Interstate System,the application of performance-based pavement needs assessment is demonstrated.It is shown that unconstrained analysis can help decision-makers investigate the real maintenance and rehabilitation needs;financially-constrained analysis can help decision-makers select projects for implementation and examine the corresponding future pavement conditions.Trade-off analysis can help decision-makers investigate the outcomes of different investment levels on pavement maintenance and rehabilitation and make the final decision on the investment level.The proposed case study provides a good example of performance-based pavement needs assessment for developing countries.

Big data assessment on the operating characteristics of on-line taxis and thoughts on relevant policies

A double-dimensional big data assessment method on the characteristics of on-line taxi traffic operation is proposed to provide a scientific basis for carrying out the taxi industry reform and standardizing the on-line taxi hailing management work. Taking Shenzhen as an example, multi- source data such as on-line taxi license plate data, plate identification data and taxi （including on-line taxis） operation data are combined with the results of the stated preference （SP） survey on taxi operating characteristics to assess the overall operation characteristics of on-line taxis. The results show that the current on-line taxis in Shenzhen can be divided into three categories, that is, full-time on-line taxis, non- active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis, accounting for 4%, 55%, and 41%, respectively, of the total quantity. In terms of the characteristics of space-time operations, full-time on-line taxis have similar operating characteristics as those of traditional taxis; the operation of non-active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis coincides with commuting requirements during morning and evening peak hours. However, part-time on-line taxis operate for a much longer time period at night. Due to the convenient hailing and favorable price, on-line taxis have a significant impact on trip modes of citizens; and the substitution eflbct of on-line taxis on traditional buses and cruising taxis is obvious. It is beneficial for helping the government departments to objectively understand the development law of the on-line taxi industry and providing decision reference for the formulation of relevant management policies during the critical development stage of on-line taxi industry.

Updating method of a high-speed maglev guideway model based on wavelet transform

The structure of a high-speed maglev guideway is taken as the research object.With the aim of identifying the inconsistency of modal parameters between the simulation model and the actual model,and based on the 600 km/h high-speed maglev vehicle and the high-speed maglev test line,the arrangement of sensors and the vibration acceleration data collection of the 12.384 m concrete guideway were conducted.The modal parameters were identified from the guideway response signal using wavelet transform,after which the wavelet ridge was extracted by using the maximum slope method.Next,the vibration modes and frequency parameters of the interaction vibration characteristics of the high-speed maglev guideway and 600 km/h maglev vehicle were analyzed.The updating objective function for the finite element model of the guideway was established,and the initial guideway finite element model was modified and updated by repeatedly iterating the parameters.In doing so,the model structure of the high-speed maglev guideway was obtained,which is consistent with the actual structure.The accuracy of the updated guideway model in the calculation of the dynamic response was verified by combining this with the vehicle-guideway coupling dynamic model of the high-speed maglev system with 18 degrees of freedom.The research results reveal that the model update method based on the wavelet transform and the maximum slope method has the characteristics of high accuracy and fast recognition speed.This can effectively obtain an accurate guideway model that ensures the correctness of the vehicle-guideway coupling dynamic analysis and calculation while meeting the parameters of the measured structure model.This method is also suitable for updating other structural models of high-speed maglev systems.

Analysis of bicyclist-vehicle crash at intersection area considering behavior prior to crash:A random parameter ordinal probit approach

In order to analyze the risky factors that affect vehicle-cyclist crash injury severity at the intersection area,especially the factors relating to the road users behaviors,an empirical study was conducted by collecting accident records from 2011 to 2015 from the General Estimates System.After preliminary screening,the variables were classified into 5 main categories including cyclists characteristic and behavior,drivers characteristic and behavior,vehicle characteristic,intersection condition,and time.The random parameter ordinal probit(RPOP)was used to study the significant influencing factors and corresponding heterogeneity.The results show that failing to obey traffic signals,failing to yield to right-of-way,dash and drinking before cycling can increase the injury severity for cyclists,and the corresponding fatal injury likelihoods increase by 53.2%,40.0%,86.3%,and 211.5%,respectively.Moreover,drivers inattention,speeding,going straight and left turning increase the risk of crashing for cyclists.The corresponding fatal injury likelihoods increase by 134.5%,186.5%,69.3%,and 22.7%,respectively.Other indicators such as age,gender,vehicle type,traffic signal and intersection type can also affect injury severity.

Prediction of a maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts using an optimal combination model

The mixed model of improved exponential and power function and unequal interval gray GM(1,1)model have poor accuracy in predicting the maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts.An optimal combination model was derived using the optimally weighted combination theory and the minimum sum of logarithmic squared errors as the objective function.Two typical anchor bolt pull-out engineering cases were selected to compare the performance of the proposed model with those of existing ones.Results showed that the optimal combination model was suitable not only for the slow P-s curve but also for the steep P-s curve.Its accuracy and stable reliability,as well as its prediction capability classification,were better than those of the other prediction models.Therefore,the optimal combination model is an effective processing method for predicting the maximum pull-out load of anchor bolts according to measured data.