The present study was systematically carried out to observe the effects of elect roacupuncture on neuropathic pain and to investigate the preliminary molecular m echanisms of electroacupuncture analgesia in neuropathi...The present study was systematically carried out to observe the effects of elect roacupuncture on neuropathic pain and to investigate the preliminary molecular m echanisms of electroacupuncture analgesia in neuropathic pain by using behaviora l and in situ hybridization methods. The results were as follows: In CCI (chronic constriction injury) rats, hyperalgesia score is used as the sig n of neuropathic pain. Pain threshold after immediate electroacupuncture(EA) and the next day after repeated electroacupuncture was observed to investigate effe ct of electroacupuncture on hyperalgesia score of neuropathic pain. It showed th at on day 7 after CCI operation, controlateral EA of "Huantiao"(GB 30) and "Y anglingquan"(GB 34) acupoints (4 and 20 Hz alternately, 2.5 sec and 5 sec respe ctively, ≤1 mA, 30 min) immediately and significantly increased hyperalge sia score in neuropathic pain rats. When EA was given (the same as the former) o n day 9,11,13,16,18,20,23,25,27 after CCI operation, hyperalgesia score was obse rved the following day. The more EA was given, the higher the hyperalgesia score became, which showed an accumulative effect. It is thus suggested that EA ca n produce immediate analgesia in neuropathic pain rats, and have ac cumulative effects. Based on these, we will continue to investigate the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in dorsal horn in neuropathic pain rats after EA treatment. Results showed that the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus was increased significantly on day 7 a fter CCI operation, and had downward trend later. On day 7 after operation, the POMC mRNA expression was enhanced immediately and markedly 8 hours after one E A treatment. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the POMC mRN A expression was continually and obviously increased. These results suggested th at the continual increase of brain POMC mRNA expression might be one of the impo rtant factors involving EA analgesia in ne uropathic pain. Results also showed that the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in ipsilateral dorsal horn was decreased significantly on day 7 after CCI operation, and recovered a littl e later on. On day 7 after CCI operation, the ppOFQ mRNA expression in ipsilater al dorsal horn was immediately and markedly enhanced 8 hours after one EA treatm ent. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the ppOFQ mRNA expr ession was continually and obviously increased to normal. These results suggeste d that the recovery of spinal ppOFQ mRNA might be another important mechanism of EA analgesia in neuropathic pain.展开更多
The immediate early gene c fos is rapidly and transiently expressed in neurons in response to stimulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the effec ts of acupuncture on c fos expression of periaqueductal g...The immediate early gene c fos is rapidly and transiently expressed in neurons in response to stimulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the effec ts of acupuncture on c fos expression of periaqueductal gray(PAG), nucleus raph e magnus (NRM)and dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) in carrageenan inflammation rats.Rats were divided into control, carrageenan inflammation and acupuncture groups. Except control group, each rat was received a unilateral injection of carrageen an (Sigma, 2 mg/100 μL per paw) into the hind paw. The results showed that the nociceptive threshold of control and inflammation rats were 13.34±2.11 sec and 1.74±0.22 sec indicating that the hyperalgesia was induced by carrageena n. The number of the labeled Fos LI neurons in PAG, NRM and DRN was significant ly increased (18.90±1.79 to 44.25±2.91, P<0.001, 2.57±0.84 to 9.60 ±1.88, P<0.05 and 15.33±1.59 to 31.39±3.55,P<0.001 ,respe ctively). Electroacupuncture (EA) unilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun"(BL 60) acupoints(2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～ 3 mA, 30 min) significantly elevated the nociceptive threshold of the carrageena n injected paws(P<0.05). At the same time, in the EA treated rats the number of labeled Fos LI neurons was significantly decreased in PAG and DRN (44 .25±2.91 to 17.86±1.63,P<0.01, 31.39±3.55 to 18.27±2.02,P< 0.05), but not in NRM(9.60±1.88 to 8.83±2.21,P>0.05). The re sults indicate that the EA supressed the carrageenan inflammation induced Fos ex pression in PAG and DRN, but not in NRM in rats.展开更多
Interleukin 1β has been reported to be involved in pain modulation in central n ervous systems. As the spinal cord is a major region in which nociceptive input is processed and modulated, we examined the effect of in...Interleukin 1β has been reported to be involved in pain modulation in central n ervous systems. As the spinal cord is a major region in which nociceptive input is processed and modulated, we examined the effect of intrathecal injection of i nterleukin 1β on the nociception in carrageenan injected rats using behavior a nd Fos study. The results showed that: ① intrathecally administered interleu kin 1β (1 ng,10 ng and 100 ng) could dose dependently increase the thermal n ociceptive threshold of carrageenan inflammed rats. Intrathecally administered interleukin 1β 10 ng could significantly increase the paw withdrawal latency , peaked at 15 min and lasted for more than 30 min. Electroacupuncture (EA) unilat eral (ipsilateral to carrageenan injection paw) "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun "(BL 60) acupoints (2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～3 mA,30 min) significantly eleva ted the nociception threshold of the carrageenan injected paws. When 10 ng inte rleukin 1β was intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the ef fect of EA analgesia was markedly potentiated. ② The number of Fos LI neurons in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was significantly increased in laminae Ⅰ ～Ⅱ and laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in carrageenan injected rats. Intrathecal administratio n of interleukin 1β could suppress the expression of Fos LI in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ , but not in laminae Ⅲ～Ⅳ or laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ. The number of Fos LI positive n eurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in EA treated rats was sign ificantly less than that of vehicle treated rats. When 10 ng interleukin 1β wa s intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the number of Fos LI positive neurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ was markedly le ss than either of those in EA treated rats or in interleukin 1β treated rats. The results suggest that interleukin 1β in spinal level could produce antinoci ceptive effect and strengthen acupuncture analgesia in inflammatory rat.展开更多
Orphanin FQ(OFQ) or Nociceptin is a newly discovered peptide identified as an en dogenous ligand of opioid receptor like (ORL 1) receptor. It has been observed that intracerebroventricular(icv) administration of OFQ c...Orphanin FQ(OFQ) or Nociceptin is a newly discovered peptide identified as an en dogenous ligand of opioid receptor like (ORL 1) receptor. It has been observed that intracerebroventricular(icv) administration of OFQ could antagonize the im munosuppression induced by surgical trauma. The influence of icv administration O FQ on interleukin 1β(IL 1β) mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats was inves tigated . Using single base mutated template as inner standard, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) technique was used to investigate the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus in traumatic rats. The resul ts showed that the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus of rats significantly incr eased after surgical trauma compared with the normal rats (normal : 2.51± 0.62 , trauma: 11.77±2.13 ,respectively, P<0.001). Icv 1μg OFQ had no ef fects on IL 1β mRNA level in normal rats (icv NS:4.34±0.89 ,icv OFQ:3.18± 1.06,respectively, P>0.05). Icv 1 μg OFQ could significantly decre ase IL 1β mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats (trauma + icv NS: 15.16 ±3. 17 , trauma + icv OFQ: 7.07±2.50,respectively, P<0.01). When traumati c rats were given with OFQ(icv 1 μg) first and OFQ receptor antagonist Phe 1Ψ (CH 2 NH)Gly 2 nociceptin(1 13) NH 2 (1 μg) later, the level of I L 1β mRNA in the hypothalamus increased to 17.26±2.48 which had no differen ce w ith that of trauma+icv NS(P>0.05). The above results suggested that t he effect of OFQ on the immunosuppression induced by surgical trauma may be medi ated via opioid receptor like(ORL1) receptor. The inhibition of IL 1β gene exp ression in hypothalamus may be related to the modulating effect of OFQ.展开更多
Trauma stress is a well known entity and may be defined as a threat to the immune function. The effect of melatonin(MT) and electroacupuncture(EA) treatme nt on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK) cells, the ...Trauma stress is a well known entity and may be defined as a threat to the immune function. The effect of melatonin(MT) and electroacupuncture(EA) treatme nt on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK) cells, the proliferative resp onse of spleen lymphocytes to ConA and the dynamic changes of the induction of i nterleukin 2(IL 2) in traumatic rats were evaluated in this study.The results showed that 5 mg/kg (ip)melatonin was able to recover the lowered NK c ell activity in trauma rats 24 hours after operation (P<0.05).Al so lymphoc yte proliferation and the induction of IL 2 production were reversed by MT trea tment (P<0.05,P<0.05).EA stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST 36) a nd "Lanwei"(Extra 37) points also obviously improved the immunosuppression pro duced by trauma. MT combined wit h EA could further modulate the depressed immune function(P<0.01), whi ch was significantly superior to melatonin or EA alone (P<0.05, P<0.05). These results indicate that MT and/or EA can recover NK cel l activity,lymphocyte proliferative capacity and the induction of IL 2 producti on,but the mechanism deserves further investigation.展开更多
文摘The present study was systematically carried out to observe the effects of elect roacupuncture on neuropathic pain and to investigate the preliminary molecular m echanisms of electroacupuncture analgesia in neuropathic pain by using behaviora l and in situ hybridization methods. The results were as follows: In CCI (chronic constriction injury) rats, hyperalgesia score is used as the sig n of neuropathic pain. Pain threshold after immediate electroacupuncture(EA) and the next day after repeated electroacupuncture was observed to investigate effe ct of electroacupuncture on hyperalgesia score of neuropathic pain. It showed th at on day 7 after CCI operation, controlateral EA of "Huantiao"(GB 30) and "Y anglingquan"(GB 34) acupoints (4 and 20 Hz alternately, 2.5 sec and 5 sec respe ctively, ≤1 mA, 30 min) immediately and significantly increased hyperalge sia score in neuropathic pain rats. When EA was given (the same as the former) o n day 9,11,13,16,18,20,23,25,27 after CCI operation, hyperalgesia score was obse rved the following day. The more EA was given, the higher the hyperalgesia score became, which showed an accumulative effect. It is thus suggested that EA ca n produce immediate analgesia in neuropathic pain rats, and have ac cumulative effects. Based on these, we will continue to investigate the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in dorsal horn in neuropathic pain rats after EA treatment. Results showed that the expression of POMC mRNA in arcuate hypothalamic nucleus was increased significantly on day 7 a fter CCI operation, and had downward trend later. On day 7 after operation, the POMC mRNA expression was enhanced immediately and markedly 8 hours after one E A treatment. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the POMC mRN A expression was continually and obviously increased. These results suggested th at the continual increase of brain POMC mRNA expression might be one of the impo rtant factors involving EA analgesia in ne uropathic pain. Results also showed that the expression of ppOFQ mRNA in ipsilateral dorsal horn was decreased significantly on day 7 after CCI operation, and recovered a littl e later on. On day 7 after CCI operation, the ppOFQ mRNA expression in ipsilater al dorsal horn was immediately and markedly enhanced 8 hours after one EA treatm ent. After repeated EA stimulation in neuropathic pain rats, the ppOFQ mRNA expr ession was continually and obviously increased to normal. These results suggeste d that the recovery of spinal ppOFQ mRNA might be another important mechanism of EA analgesia in neuropathic pain.
文摘The immediate early gene c fos is rapidly and transiently expressed in neurons in response to stimulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the effec ts of acupuncture on c fos expression of periaqueductal gray(PAG), nucleus raph e magnus (NRM)and dorsal raphe nucleus(DRN) in carrageenan inflammation rats.Rats were divided into control, carrageenan inflammation and acupuncture groups. Except control group, each rat was received a unilateral injection of carrageen an (Sigma, 2 mg/100 μL per paw) into the hind paw. The results showed that the nociceptive threshold of control and inflammation rats were 13.34±2.11 sec and 1.74±0.22 sec indicating that the hyperalgesia was induced by carrageena n. The number of the labeled Fos LI neurons in PAG, NRM and DRN was significant ly increased (18.90±1.79 to 44.25±2.91, P<0.001, 2.57±0.84 to 9.60 ±1.88, P<0.05 and 15.33±1.59 to 31.39±3.55,P<0.001 ,respe ctively). Electroacupuncture (EA) unilateral "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun"(BL 60) acupoints(2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～ 3 mA, 30 min) significantly elevated the nociceptive threshold of the carrageena n injected paws(P<0.05). At the same time, in the EA treated rats the number of labeled Fos LI neurons was significantly decreased in PAG and DRN (44 .25±2.91 to 17.86±1.63,P<0.01, 31.39±3.55 to 18.27±2.02,P< 0.05), but not in NRM(9.60±1.88 to 8.83±2.21,P>0.05). The re sults indicate that the EA supressed the carrageenan inflammation induced Fos ex pression in PAG and DRN, but not in NRM in rats.
文摘Interleukin 1β has been reported to be involved in pain modulation in central n ervous systems. As the spinal cord is a major region in which nociceptive input is processed and modulated, we examined the effect of intrathecal injection of i nterleukin 1β on the nociception in carrageenan injected rats using behavior a nd Fos study. The results showed that: ① intrathecally administered interleu kin 1β (1 ng,10 ng and 100 ng) could dose dependently increase the thermal n ociceptive threshold of carrageenan inflammed rats. Intrathecally administered interleukin 1β 10 ng could significantly increase the paw withdrawal latency , peaked at 15 min and lasted for more than 30 min. Electroacupuncture (EA) unilat eral (ipsilateral to carrageenan injection paw) "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun "(BL 60) acupoints (2 and 60 Hz alternately,1～3 mA,30 min) significantly eleva ted the nociception threshold of the carrageenan injected paws. When 10 ng inte rleukin 1β was intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the ef fect of EA analgesia was markedly potentiated. ② The number of Fos LI neurons in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was significantly increased in laminae Ⅰ ～Ⅱ and laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in carrageenan injected rats. Intrathecal administratio n of interleukin 1β could suppress the expression of Fos LI in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ , but not in laminae Ⅲ～Ⅳ or laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ. The number of Fos LI positive n eurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ in EA treated rats was sign ificantly less than that of vehicle treated rats. When 10 ng interleukin 1β wa s intrathecally injected 5 min before the beginning of EA, the number of Fos LI positive neurons both in laminae Ⅰ～Ⅱ and in laminae Ⅴ～Ⅵ was markedly le ss than either of those in EA treated rats or in interleukin 1β treated rats. The results suggest that interleukin 1β in spinal level could produce antinoci ceptive effect and strengthen acupuncture analgesia in inflammatory rat.
文摘Orphanin FQ(OFQ) or Nociceptin is a newly discovered peptide identified as an en dogenous ligand of opioid receptor like (ORL 1) receptor. It has been observed that intracerebroventricular(icv) administration of OFQ could antagonize the im munosuppression induced by surgical trauma. The influence of icv administration O FQ on interleukin 1β(IL 1β) mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats was inves tigated . Using single base mutated template as inner standard, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT PCR) technique was used to investigate the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus in traumatic rats. The resul ts showed that the IL 1β mRNA level of hypothalamus of rats significantly incr eased after surgical trauma compared with the normal rats (normal : 2.51± 0.62 , trauma: 11.77±2.13 ,respectively, P<0.001). Icv 1μg OFQ had no ef fects on IL 1β mRNA level in normal rats (icv NS:4.34±0.89 ,icv OFQ:3.18± 1.06,respectively, P>0.05). Icv 1 μg OFQ could significantly decre ase IL 1β mRNA level in surgical traumatic rats (trauma + icv NS: 15.16 ±3. 17 , trauma + icv OFQ: 7.07±2.50,respectively, P<0.01). When traumati c rats were given with OFQ(icv 1 μg) first and OFQ receptor antagonist Phe 1Ψ (CH 2 NH)Gly 2 nociceptin(1 13) NH 2 (1 μg) later, the level of I L 1β mRNA in the hypothalamus increased to 17.26±2.48 which had no differen ce w ith that of trauma+icv NS(P>0.05). The above results suggested that t he effect of OFQ on the immunosuppression induced by surgical trauma may be medi ated via opioid receptor like(ORL1) receptor. The inhibition of IL 1β gene exp ression in hypothalamus may be related to the modulating effect of OFQ.
文摘Trauma stress is a well known entity and may be defined as a threat to the immune function. The effect of melatonin(MT) and electroacupuncture(EA) treatme nt on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK) cells, the proliferative resp onse of spleen lymphocytes to ConA and the dynamic changes of the induction of i nterleukin 2(IL 2) in traumatic rats were evaluated in this study.The results showed that 5 mg/kg (ip)melatonin was able to recover the lowered NK c ell activity in trauma rats 24 hours after operation (P<0.05).Al so lymphoc yte proliferation and the induction of IL 2 production were reversed by MT trea tment (P<0.05,P<0.05).EA stimulation of "Zusanli"(ST 36) a nd "Lanwei"(Extra 37) points also obviously improved the immunosuppression pro duced by trauma. MT combined wit h EA could further modulate the depressed immune function(P<0.01), whi ch was significantly superior to melatonin or EA alone (P<0.05, P<0.05). These results indicate that MT and/or EA can recover NK cel l activity,lymphocyte proliferative capacity and the induction of IL 2 producti on,but the mechanism deserves further investigation.
