核电厂主控室操纵员疲劳状态对认知的影响及疲劳恢复方法的研究

核电人因安全是核电安全领域的核心问题。本研究通过在对国内某核电厂的操纵员进行全范围模拟机综合场景训练过程中,分别于训练前和训练后进行疲劳检测任务和认知评估任务,以评估操纵员在完成模拟机典型工况训练后的疲劳状态及其对认知情况的影响。实验结果表明,高负荷的操作工况导致操纵员的注意稳定性出现了明显下降。本研究还测试了3种不同的休息方式对于疲劳恢复的效果,闭目养神和听音乐能有效恢复疲劳,而玩手机在主观上感受得到了休息放松,但实际反而加剧疲劳。Nuclear human factor safety is the core issue in the field of nuclear power safety. In this study, the fatigue detection task and cognitive assessment task were carried out before and after training during the comprehensive scenario training of the full-range simulator for the operators of a nuclear power plant in China, in order to evaluate the fatigue state of the operators after the typical simulator training and its influence on cognition. The experimental results show that the attention stability of the operator decreases obviously under high-load operating conditions. This study also tested the effect of three different rest methods on fatigue recovery. Closing eyes and listening to music can effectively recover fatigue, while playing mobile phones can subjectively feel rest and relaxation, but actually aggravate fatigue.

核电厂大修期间核安全控制探析

核电站的换料大修是整个电站的一项重要的生产活动,大修时核电站生产活动的重要环节。大修期间利用换料机会对设备进行预防性和纠正性维修、在役检查和定期试验等,同时还要进行系统或设备实施工程改造,以消除机组在设计、安装中存在的隐患。大修质量直接影响系统及设备的可靠性,同时影响机组在下一循环的安全运行和经济效益。