甘草饮片乙酸乙酯提取部位HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立甘草饮片乙酸乙酯提取部位高效液相指纹图谱,比较生炙饮片乙酸乙酯部位化学成分差异。方法:采用反向高效液相色谱法,选用Hyperclone ODS C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸作为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温:30℃;流速:1 mL/min;检测波长:310 nm。时间:60 min。结果:10批甘草测定显示:炙甘草乙酸乙酯提取物检测到8个共有峰,少于生甘草乙酸乙酯提取物2个共有峰,蜜炙使甘草极性成分峰面积增大。结论:该方法稳定、准确、可靠,符合指纹图谱技术要求。研究结果可为阐明甘草蜜炙后增强补脾益气药效作用的物质基础,从化学成分转化的角度为解析甘草蜜炙原理提供依据。

黄芩、黄连水提物对常见临床耐药菌株的作用研究

目的检测黄芩、黄连水提物对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌耐甲氧西林株(MRSA)、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌4种常见临床耐药菌的抑菌活性。方法依据NCCLS相关标准,采用微量肉汤稀释法检测抑菌活性。结果黄芩和黄连水提物及有效成分对金黄色葡萄球菌及MRSA抑菌效果较为显著,对大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌效果次之,对铜绿假单胞菌效果最弱;不同比例混合物中,以黄芩、黄连比例为1:2时效果最好。结论不同比例提取物混合物对MRSA均有较好的抑菌效果,对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果则相对较弱。建议临床应用于抑菌时,黄芩、黄连混合比例为1:2。

黄酮类生药成分定量分析方法研究近况

黄酮类是植物中广泛存在的一大类化合物，多具有颜色，在植物体内大部分与糖结合成甙，一部分以游离形式存在。黄酮类化合物定量分析研究报道较多，现将近年来的研究进展综述如下。１高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）法ＨＰＣＥ是离子或荷电离子在电场驱动下，在毛细管中按其淌...

苦参素联合胸腺肽治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

对慢性乙肝炎(CHB)迄今为止尚无肯定和有效的治疗方法,探讨CHB的治疗仍是广受关注的问题。本文用随机对照方法以苦参素。

系统中医学指导下重振整体诊疗模式探讨

就中医学整体诊疗模式的临床探索进行理论总结及学术探讨。首先回顾了近年来经典中医学的整体诊疗及其异化,深刻认识到要打破和纠正现代分科诊疗的局限,必须认识和遵循人的生命及其病变的整体性,重振和发展中医学的整体诊疗模式。其次对重振中医整体诊疗的临床探索进行了理论总结,实践证明中医学整体观是中医整体辨证、诊断、调理、养护的理论基础。最后探讨了重振与复兴中医学整体诊疗模式的方法,认为要在系统中医学指导下以天生人观点、元整体观点、系统质观点为核心,发展中医学的现代整体观。并以此为基础,开拓和发展中医的现代化整体诊疗模式。

基于“通窍”理论论治缺血性脑卒中

缺血性脑卒中是指多种原因阻塞脑组织血流,引起相应部位大脑神经细胞缺血缺氧坏死,以机体相应部位表现出神经功能缺损症状为特征的一类神经系统疾病。此类疾病属于中医学“中风”范畴,具有高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点,目前,现代医学尚缺乏疗效显著、切实可行的治疗策略。中医药疗法具有多途径、多靶点的作用优势,中医学治疗缺血性脑卒中历史悠久,经验丰富,尤其是从通窍论治方面。中医学认为窍闭不通或失养是缺血性脑卒中产生及发展的重要病理环节。

Potential Targets and Molecular Mechanism of Quercetin Against Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective The objective of this study was to clarify the potential mechanism of quercetin against knee osteoarthritis(KOA)based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods The targets of quercetin were predicted by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases,and the targets of KOA were obtained by DisGeNET,OMIM,and GeneCards databases.Then,the targets of quercetin and KOA were intersected to find the potential targets of quercetin against KOA.The protein–protein interaction network was constructed through the STRING database,and the core targets were screened.Gene ontology(GO)functions enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database.The drug–target–pathway–disease network was constructed by Cytoscape software,and the molecular docking verification was performed by Vina.Results There were 49 potential targets for quercetin against KOA,including 10 core targets.GO functions enrichment analysis showed that the biological process of quercetin against KOA mainly involved the negative regulation of apoptotic process,collagen catabolic process,and extracellular matrix disassembly.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that quercetin against KOA was closely related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Rap 1 signaling pathway,FoxO signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and ErbB signaling pathway.The results of molecular docking showed that the binding energies between ligand and receptors were less than−5 kcal·mol−1.Conclusions The molecular mechanism of quercetin against KOA involves many targets and pathways,which can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes,degradation of extracellular matrix,and inflammatory reaction.Quercetin can stably bind to the active pockets of core target proteins,thereby exerting the effect against KOA.

血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素与雌二醇和孕酮测定对异位妊娠早期诊断的效果分析

目的:探讨血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素、雌二醇和孕酮测定对异位妊娠早期诊断的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2021年7月在山东中医医药大学附属医院妇科治疗的72例异位妊娠患者的临床资料,将其作为观察组,将同期72例正常宫内早孕者作为对照组。对比两组的血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)水平;观察组患者经药物治疗后再次检测β-HCG、E2、P水平,分析各指标下降情况,评估药物治疗后的疗效。结果:观察组β-HCG、E2、P水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血中β-HCG、E2、P水平检测对异位妊娠的诊断敏感性为94.44%(68/72),阳性预测值为100.00%(68/68),阴性预测值为0.00%(0/4)。观察组的异位妊娠患者经使用甲氨蝶呤保守治疗后,β-HCG降至<5 IU/L的时间为(20.65±5.47)d,P降至<1.50 ng/mL的时间为(11.34±4.36)d,E2降至<150 pg/mL的时间为(10.94±3.39)d;观察组72例患者中,治疗成功66例(91.67%),失败6例(8.33%)。结论:血清β-HCG、E2、P测定对异位妊娠早期诊断有显著效果,对异位妊娠的诊断敏感性、阳性预测值较高,能指导临床早期治疗、评估疗效,为临床治疗方案的选择提供量化指标,值得临床应用。

Research on resting spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity of acupuncture at uterine acupoints

Objective The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-f MRI)method was used to observe brain activity and its functional connection upon electroacupuncture stimulation at bilateral uterine acupoints(EX-CA1),as well as to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of gynecological diseases.Methods Twenty-two healthy female subjects were stimulated by electroacupuncture at bilateral uterine acupoints;rs-f MRI data of the brain were acquired and standardized.Degree centrality(DC),amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),and regional homogeneity(ReHo)were used to analyze local spontaneous brain activity via acupuncture.An independent component analysis was used to evaluate the functional connectivity of the resting brain networks after acupuncture.Results Analytical results showed that the neural activity intensity of the precuneus lobe,orbitofrontal cortex,lingual gyrus,amygdala,and posterior central gyrus decreased after acupuncture(voxel P<0.001,cluster P<0.05).Functional connectivity analysis revealed weakened auditory and right frontal-parietal networks(voxel P<0.001,cluster P<0.05),enhanced visual network(voxel P<0.001,cluster P<0.05),and synergistic auditory network and hypothalamic-pituitary system.Conclusion Significant differences in neural activity and functional connectivity in specific brain regions were observed after acupuncture intervention at uterine acupoints;the hypothalamic-pituitary system also showed various active states in different brain regions.It is speculated that the effective mechanism of acupuncture at uterine acupoints is related to the regulation of reproductive hormones,emotional changes,and somatic sensations.Therefore,the methods used in this study could clarify the neural mechanism of uterine-point acupuncture in the treatment of gynecological diseases and may serve as a reference for other studies pertaining to acupuncture.

经络学说在中医学中应用

中医学认为人体是一个结构完整、机能统一的有机整体,人体五脏六腑、形体官窍并不是孤立存在的,而是一个相互关联的有机统一体。其中经络在维持机体统一性方面起着重要的桥梁作用,是一个运行气血、联络脏腑、沟通上下内外、感应传递信息的通路系统,是人体结构的重要组成部分。经络学说是古人长期医疗实践经验总结的结晶,虽然没法找到它在解剖上的行迹,但并不代表经络学说不存在。在历史发展过程中经络学说在说明机体生理功能,阐述疾病病理变化、指导疾病的诊断和治疗方面发挥重要的作用。本文将从经络理论体系的建立、经络的生理功能、经络阐述病机变化、指导疾病的诊断和治疗、现代经络研究的新发现和认识五个方面进行阐述经络在中医学中应用,为阐释中医形态学抽象内涵提供思路和见解。

The gas discharge visualization(GDV)order parameter model based on the principle of mastering both permanence and change

Objective To investigate the human body’s complex system,and classify and characterize the human body’s health states with“a comprehensive integrated method from qualitative to quantitative”.Methods This paper introduces the concept of“order parameters”and proposes a method for establishing an order parameter model of gas discharge visualization(GDV)based on the principle of“mastering both permanence and change(MBPC)”.The method involved the fol-lowing three steps.First,average luminous intensity(I)and average area(S)of the GDV im-ages were calculated to construct the phase space,and the score of the health questionnaire was calculated as the health deviation index(H).Second,the k-means++clustering method was employed to identify subclasses with the same health characteristics based on the data samples,and to statistically determine the symptom-specific frequencies of the subclasses.Third,the distance(d)between each sample and the“ideal health state”,which determined in the phase space of each subclass,was calculated as an order parameter describing the health imbalance,and a linear mapping was established between the d and the H.Further,the health implications of GDV signals were explored by analyzing subclass symptom profiles.We also compare the mean square error(MSE)with classification methods based on age,gen-der,and body mass index(BMI)indices to verify that the phase space possesses the ability to portray the health status of the human body.Results This study preliminarily tested the reliability of the order parameter model on data samples provided by 20 participants.Based on the discovered linear law,the current model can use d calculated by measuring the GDV signal to predict H(R^(2)>0.77).Combined with the symptom profiles of the subclasses,we explain the classification basis of the phase space based on the pattern identification.Compared with common classification methods based on age,gender,BMI,etc.,the MSE of phase space-based classification was reduced by an order of magnitude.Conclusion In this study,the GDV order parameter model based on MBPC can identify sub-classes and characterize individual health levels,and explore the TCM health meanings of the GDV signals by using subjective-objective methods,which holds significance for establishing mathematical models from TCM diagnosis principles to interpret human body signals.

Deciphering the therapeutic mechanisms of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on diabetic nephropathy via bioinformatics analysis

This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy(DN)through bioinformatics analysis.The research commenced with a comprehensive database search for DN-associated datasets and gene targets of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.Subsequently,the ssGSEA method was employed to score the drug target gene sets,and based on these scores,subjects were categorized.Further analysis involved differential analysis and enrichment analysis techniques to elucidate differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and associated pathways between the two groups.Based on the ssGSEA scoring results,the data were stratified into two groups:the"High NZZ group"and the"Low NZZ group".Through differential analysis,a total of 18 DEGs were identified,comprising 14 upregulated genes(EGR1,CCL2,CDH6,VCAN-AS1,VCAN,C3,MMP7,RNASE6,C1QC,MOXD1,APOC1,SFRP2,CCL21,and LUM)and four downregulated genes(OTTHUMG00000152025,RERG,B3GALT2,and NELL1).Notably,several genes exhibited concurrent expression patterns in both the DN and High NZZ groups,including VCAN-AS1,CCL21,VCAN,MOXD1,CCL2,SFRP2,MMP7,C3,RNASE6,LUM,C1QC,APOC1,and CDH6.Enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment in pathways related to"regulation of apoptotic cell clearance"and"granulocyte chemotaxis",among others.These findings highlighted the potential value of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in the treatment of DN and unveiled novel potential targets for prognosis and therapy in DN patients.This study offered promising avenues for enhancing both the prognosis and treatment outcomes for individuals affected by this condition.

Manganese-Catalyzed Ring-Opening C—C Bond Fluorination of Cyclobutanols

Manganese-catalyzed C—C bond cleavage of cyclobutanols has attracted great attention due to the high abundance and cheap and eco-friendly behaviour.A manganese-catalyzed ring-opening C—C bond fluorination of cyclobutanols is reported.Under mild conditions,the reaction provides a straightforward access to γ-fluorinated ketones using 10 mol% Mn(OAc)_(2) as catalyst and electrophilic fluorination reagent,which was generated in situ from HF·Et 3N and PhIO,as fluorine source.The reaction has an excellent functional-group tolerance and displays a broad substrate scope,affording the corresponding products in 50%~76%yields.

World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Migraine recommendation summaries

Clinical Practice Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion:Migraine(WFAS 007.9-2023)is a clinical practice guideline officially released by the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies(WFAS)on October 9,2023,and is the first international guideline on the treatment of migraine with acupuncture.This international standard was developed under the guidance of rigorous evidence-based methodology,and it contains guideline purpose,scope,applicable population,applicable settings,overview of acupuncture for migraine,guideline development process and recommendations.For promoting the understanding and application of this guideline,this article summarizes a total of 18 recommendations in order to assist clinical decisions for migraine with acupuncture.

Chemical comparison of Semen Euphorbiae and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS coupled with multivariate statistical techniques

In the present study,we aimed to assess the chemical composition changes of Semen Euphorbiae(SE)and Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum(SEP)by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate statistical methods.The UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method and SIMCA-P software were used to analyze the changes of chemical components of SE and SEP based on PCA and PLS-DA multivariate statistical methods.A"component-target-disease"network model was constructed by Intelligent Platform for Life Sciences of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to predict potential related diseases.The differences of chemical composition were significant between SE and SEP.Under positive ion mode,the amounts of Euphorbia factor L2,L3,L7a,L8,L9 and lathyrol were obviously decreased after processing.Under negative ion mode,the amounts of aesculetin,bisaesculetin,ingenol and cetylic acid were increased obviously,while Euphorbia factor L1,L4 and L5 were decreased obviously after processing,and the components of euphobiasteroid,aesculetin,lathyrol and linoleic acid among the 14 differentiated compounds were closely related to the SE-related diseases through the"component-target-disease"network model.UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology in combination with multivariate statistical methods had certain advantages in studying the complex changes of chemical composition before and after manufacturing pulveratum of SE.It provided a basis for clarifying the toxicity-attenuated mechanisms of SE manufacturing pulveratum,and laid the foundation for its further development and utilization.

Clinical observation on 30 cases of external humeral epicondylitis treated with electroacupuncture at Zhouling and Ashi points combined with blood-letting cupping

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at Zhouling(Extra)and Ashi points in combination with blood-letting cupping for the treatment of external humeral epicondylitis(EHE).Methods:Thirty EHE patients were treated with EA at Zhouling(Extra)and Ashi points in combination with blood-letting cupping,once every 2 days,twice a week,4 times as one course of treatment,and2 successive courses of treatment were given.Before treatment,after 1 course of treatment,and after 2 courses of treatment,the visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Mayo elbow performance score(MEPS)were adopted to evaluate the curative effect.Results:Before treatment,the VAS score of patients was 7.81±1.39.After 1 course of treatment and after 2 courses of treatment,it was 4.77±1.56 and 2.95±1.23 respectively,lowered than before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(both P<0.01).Before treatment,the Mayo score of patients was 32.17±19.31.After 1 course of treatment and after 2 courses of treatment,it was 47.39±19.85 and85.21±20.47 respectively,increased than before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(both P<0.01).Of the 30 patients,5 were cured,accounting for 16.67%;14 cases obviously effective,accounting for 46.67%;8 cases effective,accounting for 26.67%;3 cases ineffective,accounting for 10.00%,and the total effective rate was 90.00%.Conclusion:EA at Zhouling(Extra)and Ashi points and blood-letting cupping used in combination are remarkably effective in the treatment of EHE,being worthy for popularization.

Treatment of 17 cases of anisometropic amblyopia in children with tuina at“Simingxue”combined with pressing therapy at auricular points

The article introduced the application of Tuina at"Simingxue"(four points named after"ming")and pressing therapy at auricular points in treatment of 17 cases of anisometropic amblyopia in children.The methods:pressing and kneading with the thumb at Jingming(睛明BL1),Shangming(上明Extra),Yiming(翳明EX-HN14)and Guangming(光明GB37).Pressing with the finger digital at Yintang(印堂EX-HN3),Cuanzhu(攒竹BL2),Yuyao(鱼腰EX-HN4),Taiyang(太阳EX-HN5),Yingbai(阳白GB14),Sizhukong(丝竹空TE23),Tongziliao(瞳子髎GB1),Qiuhou(球后EX-HN7)and Chengqi(承泣ST1).Scraping the upper and lower orbits,nipping the eyebrows,pushing the orbits,pushing baoping and warming the eyes.Pressing Quchi(曲池LI11),Hegu(合谷LI4),GB37,Zusanli(足三里ST36),Xuehai(血海SP10)and Sanyinjiao(三阴交SP6).Rolling on the bilateral distributions of bladder meridian on the back.Pressing and kneading at Touwei(头维ST8),Qucha(曲差BL4),Baihui(百会GV20),Sishencong(四神聪EX-HN1),Fengchi(风池GB20)and Dazhui(大椎GV14).Grasping five meridians,scattering bilateral temporal regions,grasping and kneading the neck and nape region and holding Jianjing(肩井GB21).Auricular pressing therapy was exerted at Yan(眼eye,LO5),Gan(肝liver,CO12),Shen(肾kidney,CO10),Pi(脾spleen,CO13),Wei(胃stomach,CO4),Pizhixia(皮质下subcortex,AT4),Pingjianqian(屏间前anterior intertragic notch,TG21)and Pingjianhou屏间后(posterior intertragic notch,AT11).The treatment was given 3 times a week,6 treatments made one course and 4 courses of treatment were required.Of 17 patients,2 cases were cured,13 cases cured basically,1 case improved and 1 case failed.The total effective rate was 88.2%.