糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟发生危害特点调查研究

此项目在山西省糯玉米主产区开展糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟发生危害特点调查研究,旨在为开展糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟适期有效防治奠定基础。此研究采取成虫诱集、卵和幼虫定点和随机调查的方法进行。调查结果表明,糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟年发生两代,世代基本不重叠,两代间有较明显的间隔。糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫盛发期为6月上中旬,一代成虫盛发期为8月上旬至下旬;一代卵盛期为6月上旬末至6月下旬初,二代卵盛期为8月上旬中期至8月下旬。亚洲玉米螟对不同生育时期糯玉米的产卵趋性表现为,在糯玉米抽雄之前,随着生育时期向后延续,糯玉米对亚洲玉米螟产卵的引诱力逐步增强;而在糯玉米抽雄之后,随着生育时期向后延续,糯玉米对亚洲玉米螟产卵的引诱力逐步减弱。生育时期基本相同、长势基本一致的糯玉米上的落卵量较普通玉米上为多。糯玉米田亚洲玉米螟一代发生危害轻二代发生危害重。一代幼虫对糯玉米的危害早播田重于中播田,而晚播田基本上不受一代幼虫的危害,由于一代幼虫发生轻,不论早播还是中播糯玉米虽然受害但一般较轻。二代幼虫对糯玉米的危害晚播田重于中播田,早播糯玉米在二代幼虫危害初期即采收,一般年份不受二代幼虫的危害或受害较轻,由于二代幼虫发生量大,因而对晚播和中播偏晚播种的糯玉米会造成严重的危害。糯玉米果穗穗腐病的发病率与果穗受亚洲玉米螟危害密切相关,果穗受亚洲玉米螟危害者,穗腐病发病率高。糯玉米产区应加强中、晚播糯玉米田二代亚洲玉米螟的综合防治。

Reasearch on Occurrence Rules of Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis in the Field of Waxy Corn

[Objective] This program aimed at providing basis for timely and effective control of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis in waxy corn fields through investigations and researching on occurrence and damage characteristics of Ostrinia furnacalis in the main producing area of waxy corn of Shanxi Province.[Method] Attraction and collection of the adults,fixed-points and random investigations on eggs and larvae were the main methods in this research.[Result] Ostrinia furnacalis appeared in two generations per year in the field of waxy corns,the generations were basically nonoverlapping with significant interval.The peak period of the overwintering generation adults in the field of waxy corn was early to middle of June,peak period of the first generation adults was from early August to late August;peak period of the first generation eggs was from the end of early June to the binning of late June,the peak period of the second generation eggs was from the middle of early August to late August.Egg-laying performances of Ostrinia furnacalis on waxy corns in different growth period suggested that the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually increased with the continuation of growth stages before the heading of waxy corns;while after the heading of waxy corns,the temptation of waxy corns to egg-laying of Ostrinia furnacalis had gradually reduced with the continuation of growth stages.The amount of eggs on waxy corns was more than eggs on normal corns with the same growth period and growth conditions.The first generation of Ostrinia furnacalis caused more serious damages than the second generation.The first generation larvae caused more serious damages on waxy corns with early sowing period than with middle sowing period,while the late sowing fields basically uninjured.The early sowing and middle sowing corns were damaged but lightly,due to the slight occurrence of the first generation larvae.The second generation larvae caused more serious damages in late sowing waxy corn field than in middle sowing waxy corn field.As the early sowing waxy corns were harvested before the beginning of damage peak period of the second generation larvae,they were basically uninjured or slightly damaged by the second generation larvae in general years.Because the second generation larvae were in large-scale occurrence,they had caused serious damages to late and later middle sowing waxy corns.Incidence of ear rot disease on the female ears of waxy corns was closely related to the damages of Ostrinia furnacalis on ears,which was higher on the ears infested by Ostrinia furnacalis.[Conclusion] Comprehensive control on the second generation of Ostrinia furnacalis in the mid and late sowing field of waxy corn should be strengthened.

杀虫剂防治糯玉米田玉米螟效果

在糯玉米吐丝期,开展了6种药剂喷灌"4腋1顶"防治糯玉米田玉米螟的田间药效试验,结果表明,喷灌25 g/L多杀菌素悬浮剂800倍液、2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂1 500倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 500倍液、46%杀单.苏云菌可湿性粉剂600倍液和15%茚虫威悬浮剂2 000倍液,雌穗被害率均被控制在3%以下,防治效果达95%以上。建议生产上优先选用这些药剂用于糯玉米田玉米螟的防治。

糯玉米田玉米螟卵赤眼蜂调查及利用技术研究

2008-2009年,在山西忻州市糯玉米田进行了玉米螟卵赤眼蜂消长动态、玉米螟卵优势种寄生蜂以及释放玉米螟赤眼蜂防治玉米螟等调查和试验研究。结果表明,一代玉米螟卵期没有采集到赤眼蜂寄生的玉米螟卵块,二代玉米螟卵初期始见赤眼蜂寄生的玉米螟卵块,田间赤眼蜂寄生率的时间变化具有典型的害虫-天敌跟随现象,后期田间赤眼蜂自然寄生率很高;玉米螟赤眼蜂为当地糯玉米田玉米螟卵中的优势种寄生蜂;释放玉米螟赤眼蜂可有效控制糯玉米田二代玉米螟的危害,玉米螟卵块校正寄生率达79.73%~96.71%,雌穗被害率被控制在5%以下。