秸秆还田及配施氮肥对土壤微生物群落结构及铁氧化菌丰度的影响

选用镇江含铁量较高的水稻田土壤,设置单施氮肥(T1)和秸秆还田配施不同量氮肥(T2、T3、T4、T5)的小区试验,采用16SrDNA高通量测序分析测定水稻成熟期不同处理土壤养分与细菌群落结构及铁氧化菌。结果表明:与单施氮肥相比,秸秆还田及秸秆还田配施不同比例氮肥可提高土壤细菌均匀度,但对细菌丰富度及群落组成无显著影响;在细菌门水平上,各处理土壤中优势菌群中前3位均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)。秸秆还田配施氮肥后变形菌门的相对丰度有所增加,而绿弯菌门则呈下降趋势。典型的铁氧化细菌Gallionellacea为变形菌门主要细菌科,其丰度随氮肥配施量的增加而增加,且与土壤三价铁呈正相关、与含水量呈负相关。综上所述,秸秆还田配施氮肥对水稻土微生物的多样性及铁氧化菌丰度具有一定的影响。

Effects of Biological Bacterial Fertilizer on Carbon Metabolism Characteristics of Rhizosphere Soil Bacteria in Rice

The effects of biological bacterial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on carbon metabolism characteristics of rhizosphere soil bacteria in rice were studied through a plot experiment.The results showed that the number and Mcintosh index of bacteria in rice rhizosphere soil increased significantly with the application of biological bacterial fertilizer.It was found that the AWCD(average well color development)value of the bacteria remarkably increased and the decomposition of carboxylic acids,amines and heterozygotes were accelerated when adding biological bacterial fertilizer at a proper weight percent.All in all,proper addition of biological bacterial fertilizer could increase the number and carbon metabolism of bacteria.The most appropriate application rate was 70%chemical fertilizer nitrogen+30%biological bacterial fertilizer nitrogen for rice production in Northern Jiangsu Province.