长江流域是我国重要的经济区和人类文明孕育、诞生和发展区,也是水旱等自然灾害频繁发生的地区,在该区开展全新世环境考古研究,对弄清全新世10.0~3.0 ka BP无文字记载期的环境演变和人地关系互动影响有着重要的科学意义。近年来,长江流...长江流域是我国重要的经济区和人类文明孕育、诞生和发展区,也是水旱等自然灾害频繁发生的地区,在该区开展全新世环境考古研究,对弄清全新世10.0~3.0 ka BP无文字记载期的环境演变和人地关系互动影响有着重要的科学意义。近年来,长江流域全新世环境考古主要以古洪水和海面变化事件地层学为依据和线索,从遗址时空分布学研究、典型遗址考古地层学研究,以及区域内自然沉积地层记录的环境演变背景特征研究这三个方面入手,在长江流域的上、中、下游地区均获得了有重要意义的进展,表明长江流域全新世环境考古正在向更深更广的领域发展。同时,国际环境考古研究也在不断深入发展,新出版的PAGES Magazine杂志就特别关注了分辨率高达一年至数月的过去沉积记录;遥感、GIS等技术和DNA等分子生物学技术正不断在环境考古领域得到应用。展开更多
了解过去海面变化情况是预测未来的重要基础.从沿海地区考古地层中寻找过去海面变化的证据,将对探讨气候波动与海面变化的关系,及其对聚落形态、文化变迁影响的人地关系提供十分重要的线索.对江苏海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄、宜兴骆驼墩...了解过去海面变化情况是预测未来的重要基础.从沿海地区考古地层中寻找过去海面变化的证据,将对探讨气候波动与海面变化的关系,及其对聚落形态、文化变迁影响的人地关系提供十分重要的线索.对江苏海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄、宜兴骆驼墩遗址地层AMS^(14)C测年、GPS-CORS系统高程测量和海相微体古生物鉴定分析发现,青墩遗址距地表389~489 cm(13.1~8.5 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为-0.65^-1.65 m)、陶庄遗址距地表156~230 cm(12.6~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.97~0.23 m)、开庄遗址距地表228~390 cm(10.3~7.8 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.03^-1.59 m)、骆驼墩遗址距地表255~279 cm(12.0~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为1.08~0.84 m)为显著的海相沉积地层,揭示在苏北海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄地区全新世初至7.8 cal ka BP为浅海沉积环境,并经历了海退成陆过程;而苏南太湖西部宜兴骆驼墩遗址全新世初至9.2 cal ka BP可能经历过短暂的滨海沉积环境.这为寻找该区新石器早期遗址提供了海拔高程和年代学方面的线索和依据.对苏州澄湖湖底62处古水井和102处灰坑顶底部GPS-CORS系统的测量也发现,崧泽文化、良渚文化、夏商周和战国时期,水井井口和灰坑顶部多在1985黄海高程0^-2 m之间,井底和灰坑底部多在-3 m左右;六朝和宋代水井的井口和灰坑顶部曾低于-1 m,水井井底和灰坑底部曾低于-4 m,表明澄湖是宋代以后才逐渐演变为湖泊的.展开更多
The pottery drum is a common type of object in prehistoric Chinese archaeology. Previously,owing to the lack of due understanding,it was often mixed up with other artifacts,and monographic studies in this respect were...The pottery drum is a common type of object in prehistoric Chinese archaeology. Previously,owing to the lack of due understanding,it was often mixed up with other artifacts,and monographic studies in this respect were still rarer. The emergence of the pottery drum was closely concerned with the rise of Chinese ritual culture. "Ritual" was a distinctive cultural phenomenon in ancient Chinese society. The ritual culture permeated ancient Chinese society all along and formed the core of ancient Chinese culture. The present paper discusses,first of all,the appellation and character of prehistoric pottery drums,as well as their qualitative standards in the light of literal records and previous research results. Then,based on their provenance,the author divides the available pottery drums into four regions,i.e. the Liaohe River,Yellow River,Huaihe River and Yangtze River valleys,and makes a typological study of pottery drums region by region. An integrated study is carried out to deal with the name,use,rise,evolution and diffusion of prehistoric pottery drums and the relationship of the pottery drum cultural circle with the ethno-cultural circle. The results indicate that the pottery drum made its first appearance in the Huaihe River valley in the Beixin Culture period and that every group of pottery drums prevailing in those river valleys had its own cultural tradition. In the Yangshao Culture period,pottery drums went through their prosperity,and mutual action and influence took place between various regions during the evolutionary course of pottery drums. In the Longshan Culture age,pottery drums fell down sharply and were divided into five pottery drum cultural circles independent of and exerted influence upon each other,which corresponded to the Hongshan,Majiayao,Yangshao,Dawenkou and Qujialing cultures respectively. In geographical distribution,they coincided roughly with the Huaxia,Dongyi,Xirong,Beidi and Nanman ethno-cultural circles. The present study reveals the important position of drums in the ritual culture of ancient China. It also shows the great significance of the primitive ritual culture represented by the prehistoric Chinese pottery drum to researching into the origin and evolution of ritual culture as well as the course of civilization in ancient Chinese society.展开更多
文摘长江流域是我国重要的经济区和人类文明孕育、诞生和发展区,也是水旱等自然灾害频繁发生的地区,在该区开展全新世环境考古研究,对弄清全新世10.0~3.0 ka BP无文字记载期的环境演变和人地关系互动影响有着重要的科学意义。近年来,长江流域全新世环境考古主要以古洪水和海面变化事件地层学为依据和线索,从遗址时空分布学研究、典型遗址考古地层学研究,以及区域内自然沉积地层记录的环境演变背景特征研究这三个方面入手,在长江流域的上、中、下游地区均获得了有重要意义的进展,表明长江流域全新世环境考古正在向更深更广的领域发展。同时,国际环境考古研究也在不断深入发展,新出版的PAGES Magazine杂志就特别关注了分辨率高达一年至数月的过去沉积记录;遥感、GIS等技术和DNA等分子生物学技术正不断在环境考古领域得到应用。
文摘了解过去海面变化情况是预测未来的重要基础.从沿海地区考古地层中寻找过去海面变化的证据,将对探讨气候波动与海面变化的关系,及其对聚落形态、文化变迁影响的人地关系提供十分重要的线索.对江苏海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄、宜兴骆驼墩遗址地层AMS^(14)C测年、GPS-CORS系统高程测量和海相微体古生物鉴定分析发现,青墩遗址距地表389~489 cm(13.1~8.5 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为-0.65^-1.65 m)、陶庄遗址距地表156~230 cm(12.6~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.97~0.23 m)、开庄遗址距地表228~390 cm(10.3~7.8 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为0.03^-1.59 m)、骆驼墩遗址距地表255~279 cm(12.0~9.2 cal ka BP,1985黄海高程为1.08~0.84 m)为显著的海相沉积地层,揭示在苏北海安青墩、东台陶庄和开庄地区全新世初至7.8 cal ka BP为浅海沉积环境,并经历了海退成陆过程;而苏南太湖西部宜兴骆驼墩遗址全新世初至9.2 cal ka BP可能经历过短暂的滨海沉积环境.这为寻找该区新石器早期遗址提供了海拔高程和年代学方面的线索和依据.对苏州澄湖湖底62处古水井和102处灰坑顶底部GPS-CORS系统的测量也发现,崧泽文化、良渚文化、夏商周和战国时期,水井井口和灰坑顶部多在1985黄海高程0^-2 m之间,井底和灰坑底部多在-3 m左右;六朝和宋代水井的井口和灰坑顶部曾低于-1 m,水井井底和灰坑底部曾低于-4 m,表明澄湖是宋代以后才逐渐演变为湖泊的.
文摘The pottery drum is a common type of object in prehistoric Chinese archaeology. Previously,owing to the lack of due understanding,it was often mixed up with other artifacts,and monographic studies in this respect were still rarer. The emergence of the pottery drum was closely concerned with the rise of Chinese ritual culture. "Ritual" was a distinctive cultural phenomenon in ancient Chinese society. The ritual culture permeated ancient Chinese society all along and formed the core of ancient Chinese culture. The present paper discusses,first of all,the appellation and character of prehistoric pottery drums,as well as their qualitative standards in the light of literal records and previous research results. Then,based on their provenance,the author divides the available pottery drums into four regions,i.e. the Liaohe River,Yellow River,Huaihe River and Yangtze River valleys,and makes a typological study of pottery drums region by region. An integrated study is carried out to deal with the name,use,rise,evolution and diffusion of prehistoric pottery drums and the relationship of the pottery drum cultural circle with the ethno-cultural circle. The results indicate that the pottery drum made its first appearance in the Huaihe River valley in the Beixin Culture period and that every group of pottery drums prevailing in those river valleys had its own cultural tradition. In the Yangshao Culture period,pottery drums went through their prosperity,and mutual action and influence took place between various regions during the evolutionary course of pottery drums. In the Longshan Culture age,pottery drums fell down sharply and were divided into five pottery drum cultural circles independent of and exerted influence upon each other,which corresponded to the Hongshan,Majiayao,Yangshao,Dawenkou and Qujialing cultures respectively. In geographical distribution,they coincided roughly with the Huaxia,Dongyi,Xirong,Beidi and Nanman ethno-cultural circles. The present study reveals the important position of drums in the ritual culture of ancient China. It also shows the great significance of the primitive ritual culture represented by the prehistoric Chinese pottery drum to researching into the origin and evolution of ritual culture as well as the course of civilization in ancient Chinese society.
