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一年一作玉米产量性状和籽粒灌浆特性对播期的响应及其与气象因子的关系 被引量:2
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作者 曹彩云 党红凯 +4 位作者 李佳 刘学彤 马俊永 李科江 郑春莲 《中国生态农业学报(中英文)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第5期710-724,共15页
本文通过研究限水灌溉条件下,播期对一作玉米产量、产量性状和籽粒灌浆特性的影响及阶段气象因子与产量、产量性状及灌浆参数的相关关系,探讨播期对一年一作玉米产量的影响机制,为低平原区玉米高产高效生产提供数据支撑。试验采用‘先玉... 本文通过研究限水灌溉条件下,播期对一作玉米产量、产量性状和籽粒灌浆特性的影响及阶段气象因子与产量、产量性状及灌浆参数的相关关系,探讨播期对一年一作玉米产量的影响机制,为低平原区玉米高产高效生产提供数据支撑。试验采用‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’两个玉米品种,设置5个播期:5月5日(SD_(1))、5月20日(SD_(2))、6月5日(SD_(3))、6月20日(SD_(4))和6月30日(SD_(5))。结果表明:1)播期对产量影响显著,且受品种和年型综合影响。随播期的延后,产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,两年平均以SD_(1)产量最低,SD_(4)产量最高,SD_(3)和SD_(4)间产量差异不显著。SD_(4)产量高的主要原因是穗粒数和百粒重较高。2)通径分析表明,产量要素对产量的贡献相互影响,其中对产量直接作用最大的是百粒重。3)采用Logistic模型研究粒重变化特征(R^(2)>0.98,P<0.01),粒重的大小由平均灌浆速率(V)和灌浆持续期(D)的乘积决定,其中D对粒重的直接贡献最大。4)从气象因子对产量和百粒重的影响来看,播种到吐丝的日平均气温(T_(Avsf))越高,吐丝到成熟的日均温差(TR_(Avfm))越大,产量越高;吐丝后10 d≥35℃的天数(D_(1)fa)越多,吐丝到成熟的日均气温(T_(Avfm))越高,产量和百粒重越低;其中T_(Avfm)对产量和百粒重的直接贡献最大,且各气象因子对产量和百粒重的作用相互影响。SD_(1)粒重较低的主要原因是T_(Avfm)高、TR_(Avfm)小,且D1_(fa)高,D较短。SD_(3)和SD_(4)粒重较高的主要原因是TRAvsf较大,V、D较高。SD_(5)虽然TR_(Avfm)较大,但因T_(Avfm)较低,总体D缩短,最终粒重降低。5)从品种来看,‘先玉335’较‘郑单958’产量高的主要原因是穗粒数和百粒重高,且‘先玉335’的V和V×D分别较‘郑单958’高0.19 mg∙grain^(−1)∙d^(−1)和0.73 mg∙grain^(−1)∙d^(−1)。这说明选用产量潜力大、灌浆速率高的品种,在6月上旬到6月中下旬播种可优化生育期气象要素,进而提高粒重和产量。 展开更多
关键词 低平原区 玉米单作 一年一作 高产高效 产量性状 灌浆特征 播期 气象因子
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Winter Wheat Salt Tolerance Appraisal Indices with Varied Mineral Content of Saline Water 被引量:1
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作者 曹彩云 党红凯 +4 位作者 李科江 马俊永 郑春莲 王广才 李伟 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第7期1134-1139,共6页
[Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and ... [Objective] The aim was to study wheat salt resistance appraisal indicators under the condition of saline water irrigation.[Method] A trial was conducted with five varieties irrigated with saline water at 1,2,4,6,and 8 g/L during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 in the research station of Dry-land Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.With standardized indicators for measuring treatment,the response relations among different salt stress levels and winter wheat growth index were analyzed in this study.[Result] Under the condition of different salinity of irrigation,relative plant height after jointing stage,relative leaf area index,relative dry matter weight,relative ear number per unit area showed significant differences among treatments and yield showed significant correlation,which can be taken as salt-resistance examination index of wheat.[Conclusion] The results showed that the relative height after jointing stage was recommended as the most practical salt-tolerance appraisal indices,because it was easy to be observed and sensitive to salt stress. 展开更多
关键词 Winter wheat Mineral content Salt tolerance Appraisal indices
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