谷子不育系的应用与杂种优势研究进展

利用杂种优势是提高作物产量的一条重要途径,但谷子杂种优势利用一直是谷子育种的难点之一,谷子籽粒小,花器小,自然条件下异交结实率低。谷子不育系的获得和改良一直是谷子杂种优势利用中的研究难点和热点。通过多年科研人员不断的研究,目前两系法和三系法在谷子杂种优势利用中已经获得很大的进步,但目前生产上使用的不育系多为光(温)敏类型,此类不育系自身存在多种问题,不利于杂交谷子的推广,在此基础上作者提出了化学杀雄剂应用于谷子杂种优势研究,并对杂交谷子的生产前景进行了展望。

播期、播量与行距对秋闲田饲用谷子草产量的影响

目的]研究不同播期、播量与行距互作效应对秋闲田饲用谷子草产量的影响。[方法]以冀谷18为材料,采用三元二次回归正交旋转组合设计进行田间试验。[结果]播期、播量、行距各试验因素均对草产量有重要影响,其中,播期对草产量的影响最大,其次是播量,行距的影响最小;参试因素互作效应的显著项及其强弱顺序为:播期+行距>行距+播量>播期+播量。构建了数学模型Y=20.471-49.458X_1+0.211X_2+1.604X_3-0.010X_1X_2-0.030X_1X_3-0.039X_2X_3+0.030X_1~2+0.002X_2~2+0.118X_3~2,明确了以经济效益为考核指标的最优方案:播期为8月9日,行距为25 cm、播量为45 kg/hm^2。该方案草产量为7 219.11 kg/hm^2,经济效益为10 378.67元/hm^2,较优方案增收1 778.67元/hm^2,增幅20.68%。[结论]为晚播秋闲田饲用谷子生产提供了技术支撑。

糜子愈伤诱导及再分化最适条件研究

研究旨在应用组织培养技术探究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,以期为糜子建立遗传转化体系奠定基础。采用5个糜子品种研究愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件。利用植物激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)诱导茎尖愈伤组织,筛选出发芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低的品种,并对诱导愈伤最适激素浓度及配比进行了鉴定。结果显示,‘冀黍2号’出芽率高、愈伤组织诱导率高、染菌率低,适宜进行组织培养;2,4-D对‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导效果最好,最适浓度为2.5 mg/L,诱导率达86.67%,淡黄色块状,结构紧密,质地较硬,继代培养后形成的胚性愈伤组织状态更好。再分化过程中,2.5 mg/L 2,4-D+3.5 mg/L TDZ时,出现明显的嫩芽。该试验获得‘冀黍2号’愈伤诱导及再分化的最适条件,可为糜子再生体系的构建提供参考。

播期与秋闲田饲用高粱生物产量的回归分析

[目的]为了使秋闲田饲用高粱丰产丰收,探索播期与秋闲田饲用高粱生物产量的线性回归预测模型。[方法]采用田间试验与线性回归分析的方法,对播期与饲用高粱生物产量的关系进行模拟和比较。[结果]播期对秋闲田饲用高粱生物产量具有重要影响,其生物产量随播期的推迟而降低。构建了播期与生物产量关系的回归模型,鲜草产量与播期的回归模型为y鲜=196.646-4.625x,干草产量与播期的回归模型为y干=58.253-1.423x。在7月23日—8月30日的播期每推迟1 d,饲用高粱的鲜草产量平均减少4.625 kg/20 m^2,干草产量平均减少1.423 kg/20 m^2。[结论]该研究构建的回归模型,为秋闲田饲用高粱生产提供了数据参考。

Effects of Different Sowing Times on Plant Height, Leaf Stem Ratio and DW/FW Ratio of Forage Sorghum in Autumn Idle Land

The aim was to explore the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. [Method] The relationships between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and linear regression analysis. [Result] The sowing time had a great impact on plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. With the delay of sowing time, the plant height and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum decreased, while the leaf stem ratio increased. The regression models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were established： plant height and sowing time, yheight = 234.725- 5.005X; leaf stem ratio and sowing time,ylcaf= 0.096 ＋ 0,019x; DW/FW ratio and sowing time, ydry= 0.305-0.002X. From July 23rd to August 30th, the plant height of forage sorghum was reduced by 5.005 cm, the leaf stem ratio was increased by 0.019 and the DW/FW ratio was reduced by 0.002 in average when hhe sowing time was delayed by one day. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

Establishment and Analysis of Regression Models between Sowing Time and Plant Productivity, Biological Yield of Forage Sorghum in Autumn Idle Land

[Objective]The aim was to establish the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.[Method]The relationships between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by using field experiment and linear regression analysis.[Result] The sowing time had an important influence on the plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. The plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum both decreased with the delay of sowing time.The regression model between plant fresh weight and sowing time was ？fresh=0.618-0.015x; the regression model between plant dry weight and sowing time was ？dry=0.184-0.005x; and the regression model between biological yield and sowing time was yield=29 126.461-711.448x. During July 23rd to August 30th, when the sowing time was delayed by 1 day, the plant fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 0.015 g, the plant dry weight was reduced by 0.005 g, and the yield was reduced by 711.448 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The three regression models established in this study will provide theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum.

秋闲田一年生饲用作物品种筛选初报

筛选适于河北、内蒙古地区秋闲田生态条件下种植的一年生饲用作物品种,拓宽饲草生产、供应渠道,解决畜牧业冬春季节饲草不足的问题。采用随机区组试验,选择禾本科、豆科与十字花科的9个品种进对比试验。结果表明,坝莜3号的产草量最高,鲜草重为57 502.50 kg/hm2、干草重为20 723.50kg/hm2,位居第一;饲谷K4697的产草量位列第二,青贮308第三,产草量均较高。河北省石家庄市最适品种为坝莜3号,其次为饲谷K4697与青贮308;内蒙古巴彦淖尔市最适品种为坝莜3号,其次为饲谷5号与秣食豆。该研究确定了适于河北、内蒙古地区秋闲田种植的一年生饲用作物品种,为今后进一步开展相关研究提供了科学依据。