施用腐熟秸秆肥对烤烟成熟期碳代谢途径影响的初报

为了探明土壤添加腐熟秸秆对成熟期烤烟中部烟叶淀粉代谢途径的影响,明确获取优质烟叶的最佳施用量。本试验以烤烟品种NC89为试材,设置添加腐熟秸秆0 g/盆、80 g/盆和160 g/盆3个处理,研究不同量腐熟秸秆对成熟期烤烟淀粉积累、碳代谢相关酶活及关键基因表达的影响。结果表明:在烤烟发育成熟期,土壤添加不同量腐熟秸秆对中部叶还原糖、总糖及淀粉含量影响显著。土壤添加腐熟秸秆均可提高淀粉酶的活性,但是对转化酶影响不大;对碳代谢关键基因的表达分析表明添加腐熟秸秆增加了蔗糖合成酶基因(SS)、蔗糖转运蛋白基因(SUT1)、焦磷酸化酶基因(AGPase)和颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶基因(GBSSI)等关键基因的表达,从而促进成熟期烟叶碳代谢途径的进行,有利于提高烟叶的品质;其中每盆添加80 g腐熟秸秆取得的效果最好。

Effects of Biochar on Tobacco-planting Soil Improvement and Tobacco Quality in Mudanjiang Area

This study was conducted to study the feasibility of biochar in soil im- provement and tobacco quality. The black soil in NinganCountry of Mudanjiang was used as the material in this study, and the effects of biochar on tobacco-planting soil C/N, soil microorganisms, the development of tobacco, and chemical compo- nents and neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco werestudied. The results showed that the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 could increase soil C/N by 31.79%, and the quantity of actinomycetes in the soil was 3.8 times as much as that in control. The growth wasobviously better after biochar application, plant height and effective leaf number were significantly higher than those ofcontrol, but total sugar and nicotine were not significantly different. The application of biochar at a rate of 1 200 kg/hm2 increased the potassium content by 11%, the application of biochar at a rate of 2 400 kg/hm2 improved total sugar content by 5.40%, and the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 made the tobacco solanone content 1.97 times as that of control. Comprehensive studies showed that the application of biochar 1 200-1 800 kg/hm2 could improvesoilenvironment, and promote tobacco growth and quality.

凉山地区苗龄对烤烟化学及香气成分的影响

通过田间试验,研究了凉山地区不同苗龄(70、80、90 d)对烤烟化学成分及香气成分的影响。结果表明:随着苗龄的增大,烤烟叶片数、茎高和茎围均显著增大,各部位烟叶的烟碱含量有降低的趋势,上部叶总糖、还原糖、钾含量及糖碱比有降低的趋势;除新植二烯外,4类中性致香成分含量及其总量均以80 d苗龄处理最高。综合来看,凉山地区烤烟移栽的最佳苗龄为80 d。

高碳基土壤修复肥对舞阳烟叶化学成分和致香物质的影响

为了研究高碳基土壤修复肥对舞阳烟区的烟叶品质的影响,以中烟100为试验材料,设置6个处理进行田间试验。结果表明:高碳基土壤修复肥有利于提高烟叶中总糖和还原糖的含量,配施处理两糖含量在移栽后30、60、90 d均显著高于对照;高碳基土壤修复肥有利于提高烟叶中的钾含量,降低氯含量;高碳基土壤修复肥可提高烟叶中性致香物质的含量和种类,以糠醇、糠醛、茄酮、β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、新植二烯含量增加较为显著。