为实现潮土区夏玉米科学施肥,通过2年田间试验研究了玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米产量、收益、养分积累量及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,沙壤质潮土夏玉米施肥两年增产6.55%～39.32%和5.53%～21.19%,玉米养分专家系统和Agro Serv...为实现潮土区夏玉米科学施肥,通过2年田间试验研究了玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米产量、收益、养分积累量及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,沙壤质潮土夏玉米施肥两年增产6.55%～39.32%和5.53%～21.19%,玉米养分专家系统和Agro Services International Inc推荐施肥较农户习惯施肥分别增产4.06%和5.04%,增收21.90%和27.44%。基于玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为11.46、25.89和9.93 kg kg–1,氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为41.13%、31.48%和50.35%,化肥偏生产力平均为36.62 kg kg–1。玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了沙壤质潮土区夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量,促进了氮磷钾的吸收利用,增加了干物质积累量,具有增产增收效应,肥料利用效率较高,可作为该地区夏玉米推荐施肥方法推广应用。展开更多
为推动夏玉米科学施肥,在河南省砂壤、中壤和黏壤质潮土上采用田间试验研究了Nutrient Expert(NE)和Agro Services International Inc(ASI)法推荐施肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响及基于NE推荐施肥的氮磷钾肥利用效率。结果表明,各推...为推动夏玉米科学施肥,在河南省砂壤、中壤和黏壤质潮土上采用田间试验研究了Nutrient Expert(NE)和Agro Services International Inc(ASI)法推荐施肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响及基于NE推荐施肥的氮磷钾肥利用效率。结果表明,各推荐施肥处理夏玉米产量、纯收益和蛋白质产量均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,NE推荐施肥处理的产投比最高,其次是ASI推荐施肥处理,推荐施肥可显著增加夏玉米植株养分积累量,促进籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高。在砂壤、中壤和黏壤上的NE推荐施肥处理比农民习惯施肥处理分别增产7.22%、3.84%和11.32%,ASI推荐施肥分别增产13.44%、10.60%和11.20%。NE推荐施肥处理中施氮对夏玉米的增产效应最大,氮肥农学效率和氮磷钾肥利用率均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,磷、钾肥农学效率均表现为砂壤>黏壤>中壤,3种质地潮土的肥料农学效率均表现为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。由此得出,NE推荐施肥适宜在黏壤质潮土推行,而ASI法推荐施肥适宜于砂壤和中壤质潮土。展开更多
[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,a...[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂ typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1（PR1.1）,PR2（β,1-3 glucanase）,PR3（chitinase）,PR4（wheatwin1）,PR5（thaumatin-like protein）,PR9（TaPERO,peroxidase）,PR10,TaGLP2a（germin-like）and Ta-JA2（jasmonate-induced protein）in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂.The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.展开更多
文摘为实现潮土区夏玉米科学施肥,通过2年田间试验研究了玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米产量、收益、养分积累量及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,沙壤质潮土夏玉米施肥两年增产6.55%～39.32%和5.53%～21.19%,玉米养分专家系统和Agro Services International Inc推荐施肥较农户习惯施肥分别增产4.06%和5.04%,增收21.90%和27.44%。基于玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为11.46、25.89和9.93 kg kg–1,氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为41.13%、31.48%和50.35%,化肥偏生产力平均为36.62 kg kg–1。玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了沙壤质潮土区夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量,促进了氮磷钾的吸收利用,增加了干物质积累量,具有增产增收效应,肥料利用效率较高,可作为该地区夏玉米推荐施肥方法推广应用。
文摘为推动夏玉米科学施肥,在河南省砂壤、中壤和黏壤质潮土上采用田间试验研究了Nutrient Expert(NE)和Agro Services International Inc(ASI)法推荐施肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响及基于NE推荐施肥的氮磷钾肥利用效率。结果表明,各推荐施肥处理夏玉米产量、纯收益和蛋白质产量均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,NE推荐施肥处理的产投比最高,其次是ASI推荐施肥处理,推荐施肥可显著增加夏玉米植株养分积累量,促进籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高。在砂壤、中壤和黏壤上的NE推荐施肥处理比农民习惯施肥处理分别增产7.22%、3.84%和11.32%,ASI推荐施肥分别增产13.44%、10.60%和11.20%。NE推荐施肥处理中施氮对夏玉米的增产效应最大,氮肥农学效率和氮磷钾肥利用率均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,磷、钾肥农学效率均表现为砂壤>黏壤>中壤,3种质地潮土的肥料农学效率均表现为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。由此得出,NE推荐施肥适宜在黏壤质潮土推行,而ASI法推荐施肥适宜于砂壤和中壤质潮土。
基金Supported by The Key Project of Science and Technology of HenanProvince(102102110040)Innovation Scientists and the Innovation Fund for Outstanding Scholars of Henan Province(104200510013)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was carried out to determine the induction effect of jasmonic acid（JA）on powdery mildew resistance in wheat,the activation effect on the expressions of plant disease resistance related genes,and to investigate the relationship between the induced resistance and the gene expression patterns.[Method] Three powdery mildew susceptible cultivars of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂ typically representing different phenotypes in the field were employed.The powdery mildew was assessed by detached leaf assay,and real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression patterns of 9 disease resistance related genes of PR1（PR1.1）,PR2（β,1-3 glucanase）,PR3（chitinase）,PR4（wheatwin1）,PR5（thaumatin-like protein）,PR9（TaPERO,peroxidase）,PR10,TaGLP2a（germin-like）and Ta-JA2（jasmonate-induced protein）in leaf of the three cultivars.[Result] MeJA application enhanced the powdery mildew resistances of ＂Chinese Spring＂,＂Pumai 9＂ and ＂Zhoumai 18＂.The induced powdery mildew resistance could be detected from 12 h to 96 h after MeJA treatment,and the peak value was at 24 h.Though there were differences between the three cultivars,MeJA significantly effect on the expressions of the 8 disease resistance related genes except TaGLP2a,and the peak values were at 12 h,24 h or 48 h after treatments.The strongest activation of MeJA was on PR9 and PR1 that their expressions could reach more than 100 times of the untreated samples.MeJA strongly activated PR2、PR4、PR5、PR3、PR10 and Ta-JA2,their expression could reach 10 to 70 times,and there was almost no activation effect on TaGLP2a.The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the 8 disease related genes.[Conclusion] The induced powdery mildew resistance positively correlated with the induced expressions of the disease related genes.Jasmonate signalling plays a role in defence against Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici.and future manipulation of this pathway may improve powdery mildew resistance in wheat.
