Mangenese oxides were synthesized using two new methods,a novel solvent‐free reaction and a reflux technique,that produced cryptomelane‐type products(K‐OMS‐2).Oxides were also synthesized using conventional method...Mangenese oxides were synthesized using two new methods,a novel solvent‐free reaction and a reflux technique,that produced cryptomelane‐type products(K‐OMS‐2).Oxides were also synthesized using conventional methods and all specimens were applied to the oxidation of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate,acting as models for the volatile organic compounds found in industrial emissions.The catalysts were also characterized using N2adsorption,X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,temperature programmed reduction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Each of the manganese oxides was found to be very active during the oxidation of both esters to CO2,and the synthesis methodology evidently had a significant impact on catalytic performance.The K‐OMS‐2nanorods synthesized by the solvent‐free method showed higher activity than K‐OMS‐2materials prepared by the reflux technique,and samples with cryptomelane were more active than those prepared by the conventional methods.The catalyst with the highest performance also exhibited good stability and allowed90%conversion of ethyl and butyl acetate to CO2at213and202°C,respectively.Significant differences in the catalyst performance were observed,clearly indicating that K‐OMS‐2nanorods prepared by the solvent‐free reaction were better catalysts for the selected VOC oxidations than the mixtures of manganese oxides traditionally obtained with conventional synthesis methods.The superior performance of the K‐OMS‐2catalysts might be related to the increased average oxidation state of the manganese in these structures.Significant correlations between the catalytic performance and the surface chemical properties were also identified,hig-hlighting the K‐OMS‐2properties associated with the enhanced catalytic performance of the materials.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.展开更多
我们的社会越来越依赖数字技术,这不可避免使得博物馆行业受到越来越大的影响。在过去的四十年里,博物馆一直在努力适应这种转变。它们对"新技术"的最初态度是保守和充满怀疑的。1潜在的原因之一是担心技术会减少实体博物馆...我们的社会越来越依赖数字技术,这不可避免使得博物馆行业受到越来越大的影响。在过去的四十年里,博物馆一直在努力适应这种转变。它们对"新技术"的最初态度是保守和充满怀疑的。1潜在的原因之一是担心技术会减少实体博物馆观众的数量,并会混淆体验对象的真实性,同时还会威胁到"真正的学术研究"(MacDonald,2006)。在博物馆应用新技术也被视为是一项昂贵和高风险的投资。(Parry,2010)。然而,多年来,博物馆开始接受技术(数字和非数字的),这一选择对博物馆的众多领域产生了不同程度的深远影响。2研究还表明,技术发展是未来最有可能影响博物馆的因素之一,其他因素还有:人口变化、不断增强的流动性、公共政策的撤销、可持续性和参与度(Filipe and Camacho,2018)。展开更多
基金This work was supported by project “AIProcMat@N2020‐Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020”, with the reference NORTE‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐000006, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme
文摘Mangenese oxides were synthesized using two new methods,a novel solvent‐free reaction and a reflux technique,that produced cryptomelane‐type products(K‐OMS‐2).Oxides were also synthesized using conventional methods and all specimens were applied to the oxidation of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate,acting as models for the volatile organic compounds found in industrial emissions.The catalysts were also characterized using N2adsorption,X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,temperature programmed reduction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Each of the manganese oxides was found to be very active during the oxidation of both esters to CO2,and the synthesis methodology evidently had a significant impact on catalytic performance.The K‐OMS‐2nanorods synthesized by the solvent‐free method showed higher activity than K‐OMS‐2materials prepared by the reflux technique,and samples with cryptomelane were more active than those prepared by the conventional methods.The catalyst with the highest performance also exhibited good stability and allowed90%conversion of ethyl and butyl acetate to CO2at213and202°C,respectively.Significant differences in the catalyst performance were observed,clearly indicating that K‐OMS‐2nanorods prepared by the solvent‐free reaction were better catalysts for the selected VOC oxidations than the mixtures of manganese oxides traditionally obtained with conventional synthesis methods.The superior performance of the K‐OMS‐2catalysts might be related to the increased average oxidation state of the manganese in these structures.Significant correlations between the catalytic performance and the surface chemical properties were also identified,hig-hlighting the K‐OMS‐2properties associated with the enhanced catalytic performance of the materials.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.
基金欧洲项目“博物馆行业联盟”资助欧盟委员会通过伊拉斯谟+(行业技能联盟)给予支持+1 种基金国际博协葡萄牙国家委员会其他葡萄牙合作伙伴(Mapa das Ideias和波尔图大学)的支持
文摘我们的社会越来越依赖数字技术,这不可避免使得博物馆行业受到越来越大的影响。在过去的四十年里,博物馆一直在努力适应这种转变。它们对"新技术"的最初态度是保守和充满怀疑的。1潜在的原因之一是担心技术会减少实体博物馆观众的数量,并会混淆体验对象的真实性,同时还会威胁到"真正的学术研究"(MacDonald,2006)。在博物馆应用新技术也被视为是一项昂贵和高风险的投资。(Parry,2010)。然而,多年来,博物馆开始接受技术(数字和非数字的),这一选择对博物馆的众多领域产生了不同程度的深远影响。2研究还表明,技术发展是未来最有可能影响博物馆的因素之一,其他因素还有:人口变化、不断增强的流动性、公共政策的撤销、可持续性和参与度(Filipe and Camacho,2018)。
