本文利用中尺度模式WRF-ARW(Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Advanced Research WRF)(Version 4.0)对海南岛不同天气条件下的典型海风锋个例进行了高分辨率数值模拟,通过设计局地城镇化的敏感性试验,重点分析了海南岛沿海城镇...本文利用中尺度模式WRF-ARW(Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Advanced Research WRF)(Version 4.0)对海南岛不同天气条件下的典型海风锋个例进行了高分辨率数值模拟,通过设计局地城镇化的敏感性试验,重点分析了海南岛沿海城镇化对海风锋推进的影响及其可能机制。研究结果表明:海南岛沿海城镇化造成的海风锋结构差异是热力作用和动力作用共同影响的结果;城镇下垫面的摩擦效应与城市热岛的增强阻碍海风向内陆推进,减弱了海风锋途经地区的降温增湿效应,造成海风锋位置相对滞后;而城镇化所引起的高海陆热力差异增强了海风风速及海风辐合,同时导致海风锋前的垂直上升气流和海风环流厚度也明显增强。海风锋发展不同时期,城镇化对海风锋的推进影响有所不同。海风锋发展初期,海陆热力差异引起的推动作用与摩擦效应的阻碍作用相抵消,导致海风锋的推进无明显影响;海风锋发展强盛阶段,城镇化条件下内陆城市与非城市之间的热力差异有所增强,阻碍了海风锋向内陆推进,导致海风锋内陆渗透距离减小。不同天气条件下城市化对海风锋推进的影响有所不同,相比于晴空天气,多云天气下城市与非城市的热力差异稍强,加强了城市热岛效应对海风推进的阻碍作用,导致海风锋滞后距离稍远。此外,当土地利用类型更换为城镇后,净辐射与陆气间交换能量减少,导致其潜热通量显著减小,感热通量值变大,从而升高了下垫面温度,增强了海风的垂直上升运动,进而造成边界层高度的升高。展开更多
使用云水资源监测评估方法(CWR-MEM)和NCEP/NCAR的FNL再分析数据,对2018~2020年海南空中水资源的分布特征和变化趋势进行研究,分析水汽、水凝物和云水资源的状况,估算云水资源人工增雨潜力。结果表明:1. 海南的年均降水量为1783.7 mm,...使用云水资源监测评估方法(CWR-MEM)和NCEP/NCAR的FNL再分析数据,对2018~2020年海南空中水资源的分布特征和变化趋势进行研究,分析水汽、水凝物和云水资源的状况,估算云水资源人工增雨潜力。结果表明:1. 海南的年均降水量为1783.7 mm,年均水汽总量22651.0亿吨,年均水凝物总量639.5亿吨,年均云水资源总量31.4亿吨;2. 从各边界净输入的年均水汽总量为−219.0亿吨,年均水凝物总量为−1.3亿吨,水汽和水凝物都从岛内区域向外流出;3. 海南不同区域中,北部和中部水凝物总量较大,中部云系有较高的降水效率,云水资源总量也最为丰富;西部区域水凝物总量为各部区域中最少,降水效率也最低,都有很大一部分云水资源可供开发利用;4. 海南岛水汽分布是北部的水汽总量最多,西部的水汽总量最少,西部少、四周多;5. 水凝物的分布与降水相类似,北部、中部和南部的水凝物总量较为丰富,西部的水凝物总量最小;6. 水凝物明显小于水汽1至2个数量级,且空间分布不均匀;7. 水汽主要位于海南岛的沿海地区,最小值在西部;而水凝物的最大值位于中北部或中南部,依次往本岛四周减少。The distribution characteristics and variation trends of atmospheric water resource are studied in Hainan from 2018 to 2020, employing the Cloud Water Resource Monitoring and Evaluation Method (CWR-MEM) along with NCEP/NCAR FNL reanalysis data. The status of water vapor, hydrometeors, and cloud water resource is analyzed. And the artificial rainfall enhancement potential from cloud water resource is estimated. The results show that: 1. The annual average precipitation in Hainan is 1783.7 mm, the annual average total amount of atmospheric water vapor is 2265.10 billion tons, the annual average total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors is 63.95 billion tons, and the annual average total amount of cloud water resource is 3.14 billion tons. 2. The annual average total amount of atmospheric water vapor input from each boundary is −21.90 billion tons, and the annual average total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors is −0.13 billion tons. Both atmospheric water vapor and atmospheric hydrometeors flow out from the island area. 3. In different regions of Hainan, the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the northern and central regions are relatively large, and the central cloud system has a higher precipitation efficiency, and the total amount of cloud water resource is also the most abundant;The total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the western region is the lowest among all regions, and the precipitation efficiency is also the lowest. A large portion of cloud water resources is available for development and utilization. 4. The distribution of atmospheric water vapor in Hainan Island is the highest in the north, the lowest in the west, and less in the west and more around. 5. The distribution of atmospheric hydrometeors is similar to precipitation, with the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors being relatively abundant in the northern, central, and southern regions, while the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the western region is the smallest. 6. Atmospheric hydrometeors are significantly smaller than atmospheric water vapor by about 1 - 2 orders of magnitude, and their spatial distribution is uneven. 7. Atmospheric water vapor is mainly located in the coastal areas of Hainan Island, with the minimum value in the west. The maximum value of atmospheric hydrometeors is in the central north or central south, and gradually decreases around the island.展开更多
文摘本文利用中尺度模式WRF-ARW(Weather Research and Forecasting Model-Advanced Research WRF)(Version 4.0)对海南岛不同天气条件下的典型海风锋个例进行了高分辨率数值模拟,通过设计局地城镇化的敏感性试验,重点分析了海南岛沿海城镇化对海风锋推进的影响及其可能机制。研究结果表明:海南岛沿海城镇化造成的海风锋结构差异是热力作用和动力作用共同影响的结果;城镇下垫面的摩擦效应与城市热岛的增强阻碍海风向内陆推进,减弱了海风锋途经地区的降温增湿效应,造成海风锋位置相对滞后;而城镇化所引起的高海陆热力差异增强了海风风速及海风辐合,同时导致海风锋前的垂直上升气流和海风环流厚度也明显增强。海风锋发展不同时期,城镇化对海风锋的推进影响有所不同。海风锋发展初期,海陆热力差异引起的推动作用与摩擦效应的阻碍作用相抵消,导致海风锋的推进无明显影响;海风锋发展强盛阶段,城镇化条件下内陆城市与非城市之间的热力差异有所增强,阻碍了海风锋向内陆推进,导致海风锋内陆渗透距离减小。不同天气条件下城市化对海风锋推进的影响有所不同,相比于晴空天气,多云天气下城市与非城市的热力差异稍强,加强了城市热岛效应对海风推进的阻碍作用,导致海风锋滞后距离稍远。此外,当土地利用类型更换为城镇后,净辐射与陆气间交换能量减少,导致其潜热通量显著减小,感热通量值变大,从而升高了下垫面温度,增强了海风的垂直上升运动,进而造成边界层高度的升高。
文摘使用云水资源监测评估方法(CWR-MEM)和NCEP/NCAR的FNL再分析数据,对2018~2020年海南空中水资源的分布特征和变化趋势进行研究,分析水汽、水凝物和云水资源的状况,估算云水资源人工增雨潜力。结果表明:1. 海南的年均降水量为1783.7 mm,年均水汽总量22651.0亿吨,年均水凝物总量639.5亿吨,年均云水资源总量31.4亿吨;2. 从各边界净输入的年均水汽总量为−219.0亿吨,年均水凝物总量为−1.3亿吨,水汽和水凝物都从岛内区域向外流出;3. 海南不同区域中,北部和中部水凝物总量较大,中部云系有较高的降水效率,云水资源总量也最为丰富;西部区域水凝物总量为各部区域中最少,降水效率也最低,都有很大一部分云水资源可供开发利用;4. 海南岛水汽分布是北部的水汽总量最多,西部的水汽总量最少,西部少、四周多;5. 水凝物的分布与降水相类似,北部、中部和南部的水凝物总量较为丰富,西部的水凝物总量最小;6. 水凝物明显小于水汽1至2个数量级,且空间分布不均匀;7. 水汽主要位于海南岛的沿海地区,最小值在西部;而水凝物的最大值位于中北部或中南部,依次往本岛四周减少。The distribution characteristics and variation trends of atmospheric water resource are studied in Hainan from 2018 to 2020, employing the Cloud Water Resource Monitoring and Evaluation Method (CWR-MEM) along with NCEP/NCAR FNL reanalysis data. The status of water vapor, hydrometeors, and cloud water resource is analyzed. And the artificial rainfall enhancement potential from cloud water resource is estimated. The results show that: 1. The annual average precipitation in Hainan is 1783.7 mm, the annual average total amount of atmospheric water vapor is 2265.10 billion tons, the annual average total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors is 63.95 billion tons, and the annual average total amount of cloud water resource is 3.14 billion tons. 2. The annual average total amount of atmospheric water vapor input from each boundary is −21.90 billion tons, and the annual average total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors is −0.13 billion tons. Both atmospheric water vapor and atmospheric hydrometeors flow out from the island area. 3. In different regions of Hainan, the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the northern and central regions are relatively large, and the central cloud system has a higher precipitation efficiency, and the total amount of cloud water resource is also the most abundant;The total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the western region is the lowest among all regions, and the precipitation efficiency is also the lowest. A large portion of cloud water resources is available for development and utilization. 4. The distribution of atmospheric water vapor in Hainan Island is the highest in the north, the lowest in the west, and less in the west and more around. 5. The distribution of atmospheric hydrometeors is similar to precipitation, with the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors being relatively abundant in the northern, central, and southern regions, while the total amount of atmospheric hydrometeors in the western region is the smallest. 6. Atmospheric hydrometeors are significantly smaller than atmospheric water vapor by about 1 - 2 orders of magnitude, and their spatial distribution is uneven. 7. Atmospheric water vapor is mainly located in the coastal areas of Hainan Island, with the minimum value in the west. The maximum value of atmospheric hydrometeors is in the central north or central south, and gradually decreases around the island.