金、银、铜等典型高反射率材料的激光增材制造

激光增材制造金银材料可用于艺术品、首饰、手表等的定制化制造.铜是传统工业的重要材料,具有良好的导电性和导热性;铜的激光增材制造材料被广泛用于电子设备、热管理系统、交通运输、工业制造等领域.金、银、铜的激光增材制造具有广阔的应用前景,但也面临着重要问题:金、银、铜材料对激光的吸收率很低.理论分析表明,光吸收率受材料的电导率和激光波长的直接影响.用合金化粉末或表面改性的粉末替代原始粉末打印,或用短波长蓝光或绿光激光打印,可以提高粉体对激光的吸收率,得到更好的打印态样品.本文总结了铜、金等高反射率材料的激光增材制造的激光成型现状和原料端现状,亦对铜、金等高反射率材料的激光增材制造的未来发展趋势做出了展望.

Numerical investigation on flow process of liquid metals in melt delivery nozzle during gas atomization process for fine metal powder production

Based on volume of fluid(VoF)interface capturing method and shear-stress transport(SST)k-ω turbulence model,numerical simulation was performed to reveal the flow mechanism of metal melts in melt delivery nozzle(MDN)during gas atomization(GA)process.The experimental validation indicated that the numerical models could give a reasonable prediction on the melt flow process in the MDN.With the decrease of the MDN inner-diameter,the melt flow resistance increased for both molten aluminum and iron,especially achieving an order of 10^(2) kPa in the case of the MDN inner-diameter≤1 mm.Based on the conventional GA process,the positive pressure was imposed on the viscous aluminum alloy melt to overcome its flow resistance in the MDN,thus producing powders under different MDN inner-diameters.When the MDN inner-diameter was reduced from 4 to 2 mm,the yield of fine powder(<150μm)soared from 54.7%to 94.2%.The surface quality of powders has also been improved when using a smaller inner-diameter MDN.

选区激光熔化FGH4096高温合金的组织与性能

以等离子旋转电极法制备的FGH4096粉末为原材料,利用选区激光熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)技术制备了FGH4096合金,合金致密度达99.3%。研究了SLM沉积态、直接时效态、固溶+时效态的组织和拉伸性能。SLM沉积态FGH4096合金由柱状晶构成,垂直熔池边界生长,柱状晶内排列着精细的树枝结构或等轴结构,以奥氏体γ相为主,少量的γ′相和碳化物沿树枝结构和等轴结构边界析出;直接时效处理后,大量三次γ′相析出,树枝结构或等轴结构边界粗化;固溶+时效后,回复和再结晶的发生,合金晶粒呈不规则形状,树枝结构和等轴结构消失,少量一次γ′相和碳化物在晶界析出,晶内分布少量二次γ′和大量均匀的三次γ′相。SLM沉积态FGH4096室温拉伸塑性好,热处理后强度明显提高,塑性下降,直接时效态屈服强度和拉伸强度最高,接近锻造状态。3种状态拉伸断口呈穿晶断裂,随着强度的提高,直接时效态拉伸断口出现数量较多的沿晶断裂区域。