清咽滴丸质量研究和抗病毒作用的研究进展

清咽滴丸具有疏风清热、解毒利咽的功效,在临床上常用于治疗急慢性咽炎、咽痛和咽干,是治疗咽喉类疾病的常用中成药。随着新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情进入后疫情时代,新型冠状病毒肺炎及其症状的常态化用药成为新的趋势,因此挖掘和开发具有抗病毒作用的中成药具有很好的应用前景。清咽滴丸药材组方、物质基础及前期研究发现其具有抗病毒的应用潜力,主要从清咽滴丸质量研究和抗病毒作用等方面的研究进展进行梳理,探讨其二次开发的研究方向,为传统中药的老药新用提供思路和参考。

一测多评法同时测定赶黄草浸膏中5种成分的含量

目的建立赶黄草浸膏中同时测定5种成分的一测多评含量测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min^(-1),柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm。以乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为内参物,建立赶黄草浸膏中该成分与没食子酸、短叶苏木酚酸、2,6-二羟基苯乙酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷及槲皮素-3'-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷的相对校正因子,进行含量测定,实现一测多评,同时采用外标法测定这些成分的含量,比较计算值与实测值的差异,验证所建方法的准确性和可行性。结果 21批赶黄草浸膏中,除短叶苏木酚酸外,其他5种成分采用校正因子计算的含量值与外标法实测值之间无显著差异,可以用一测多评法进行含量测定。结论所建一测多评法可以用于赶黄草浸膏中特定的5种主要成分的含量测定。

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis and quantitative evaluate the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum Hance(lesser galangal)

The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and has been widely used for the remedy of gastrointestinal diseases.In the present study,a simple and rapid HPLC-DAD was developed for the quality control of the rhizomes of A.officinarum.Its chemical fingerprint was established using raw material of 15 different origins in China.Similarity analysis(SA)and hierarchical clusting analysis(HCA)were applied to select the qualitative markers.Principal components analysis(PCA)was conducted to select the quantitative markers of the rhizomes of A.officinarum samples from different origins.The constituents were confirmed by(+)electrospray ionization LC-MS.12 constituents were selected as common peaks and 10 of them were confirmed by(+)electrospray ionization LC-MS.Six bioactive constituents including DPHA,galangin flavanone,galangin,galangin 3-methylether,DPHB and DPHC were simultaneous determination by using the HPLC-DAD analysis.The developed method was able to determine the bioactive components with excellent resolution,precision and recovery.The results indicated that chromatographic fingerprint combination with multi-components determination method is suitable for quality assessment of the rhizomes of A.officinarum.

The comprehensive influence of firm-level factors on drug product internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms

Drug product internationalization（DPI） can be affected by multiple firm-level factors. However, existing studies mainly focus on a single or several factors and the deviation generated by the factors＇ effects on each other has been neglected. We aimed to study the comprehensive influences of firm-level factors on Chinese pharmaceutical firms that chose the DPI mode. Student＇s t tests and Chi Square tests were used to explore the differences between firms with or without DPI modes. Then, logistic regression analysis was used to explore the comprehensive impacts of these 16 variables. Through empirical research, we found the factors influencing the DPI mode of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises and the firm-level factors that influenced DPI mode selection. This study showed that the capacity of enterprise＇s innovation and knowledge absorption were related to the mode selection. Moreover, the education of the top management team significantly contributed to the DPI mode selection of pharmaceutical firms. This study also provided theoretical and empirical evidence for pharmaceutical enterprises when choosing their DPI mode. The internationalization of Chinese pharmaceutical firms remained at the early stage. However, the internationalization of drug products from China would affect the international pharmaceutical supply in the long term.

Analyzing the risk of drug abuse for morphine-containing Chinese patent medicines in China

Chinese patent medicines（CPMs） are widely used across China, and they are differently administrated from chemical drugs. For traditional reasons, CPMs may contain opium-derived compounds, such as morphine, which may pose the issues of drug abuse and addiction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the present risk of morphine-containing CPMs in causing drug abuse and addiction, based on a questionnaire-based approach and from a medicinal administrative perspective. We chose 76 CPMs containing morphine from government document and set them as the study group, and 10 chemical drugs containing morphine were set as the control group. Because there is no ready-made method, we created an evaluation sheet consisting of five questions to evaluate each drug and generate a risk-value score. Crosstabs analysis using SPSS 15.0 was conducted to obtain the influencing factors. We found that the study group obtained a mean score of 2.04 for the risk value, which was five times of that of the control group. Specifically, no maximum limit of morphine or codeine was set in product quality standards for more than four-fifth of the drugs. Moreover, 46.0% of package inserts failed to show any warning about addiction or prohibition over the long-term use of the drugs. The number of ingredients, as well as the functions of the drugs, was found to correlate with the risk value. Our findings suggested that CPMs were more risky in causing drug abuse and addiction than chemical drugs. Approaches, such as i） controlling the number of ingredients, ii） setting up maximum limit of morphine or codeine in quality standard, iii） providing more information on the package insert of drugs and iv） monitoring the drug containing both morphine and ephedrine, will be effective in reducing the risk of drug abuse and addiction.

The impact of the provincial reimbursement scheme on the use of targeted anticancer medications in Zhejiang,China:a controlled interrupted time-series analysis

To alleviate problems with access and affordability,six targeted anticancer medications(TAMs)were listed in the Provincial Reimbursement Drug List(PRDL)for the first time in Zhejiang,China in February 2015.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the implementation of the PRDL policy on TAMs use.Using the pharmaceutical procurement data of these six listed TAMs(study group)and four unlisted TAMs(control group)from 22 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang,China dated between January 2014 and February 2017,interrupted time-series analysis was adopted to examine differences in the average hospital purchasing volume(HPV)and the average hospital purchasing spending(HPS)between the two groups.The average daily cost of listed TAMs in the study group was decreased after April 2015.After enlistment,the average HPV per month was significantly increased by 34.6 defined daily doses(DDDs)(P<0.001),and the average HPS per month was significantly increased by USD 6614.9(P<0.001)for the listed TAMs in the study group(n=6).Neither the average HPV nor the average HPS changed significantly for the unlisted TAMs in the control group(n=4).The PRDL policy showed positive effects on improving patients’affordability and promoting access to TAMs in Zhejiang.The government should conduct further price negotiations and include more TAMs with clinical benefits into reimbursement schemes to relieve patients’financial burden and promote access.