音乐疗愈是艺术疗愈的一个分支,同时又是心理治疗的一种手段。与传统心理治疗手段相比,音乐疗愈拥有普适性、易操作性、无副作用等优点;而与其他形式的艺术疗愈相比,音乐能够激发更强烈的情绪,而与静态图片以及短片相比,音乐激发的情绪...音乐疗愈是艺术疗愈的一个分支,同时又是心理治疗的一种手段。与传统心理治疗手段相比,音乐疗愈拥有普适性、易操作性、无副作用等优点;而与其他形式的艺术疗愈相比,音乐能够激发更强烈的情绪,而与静态图片以及短片相比,音乐激发的情绪与个体情绪状态具有高度一致性。此前研究已证实,音乐诱发的积极情绪可以削弱认知保持性的认知加工,并促进灵活性的认知加工;同时可以有效地缓解自我衰竭(ego depletion),从而使得个体更好地进行自我控制(self-control),并重新形成自我能效(self-efficacy),进而改善个体精神状态。从扩展—构建理论(broaden-build theory)、情绪即社会信息理论(Emotions as Social Information Theory)加以探究,音乐诱发积极情绪作为促成音乐疗愈的心理机制,不仅是可能的,也是合理的。展开更多
Chinese patent medicines（CPMs） are widely used across China, and they are differently administrated from chemical drugs. For traditional reasons, CPMs may contain opium-derived compounds, such as morphine, which may...Chinese patent medicines（CPMs） are widely used across China, and they are differently administrated from chemical drugs. For traditional reasons, CPMs may contain opium-derived compounds, such as morphine, which may pose the issues of drug abuse and addiction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the present risk of morphine-containing CPMs in causing drug abuse and addiction, based on a questionnaire-based approach and from a medicinal administrative perspective. We chose 76 CPMs containing morphine from government document and set them as the study group, and 10 chemical drugs containing morphine were set as the control group. Because there is no ready-made method, we created an evaluation sheet consisting of five questions to evaluate each drug and generate a risk-value score. Crosstabs analysis using SPSS 15.0 was conducted to obtain the influencing factors. We found that the study group obtained a mean score of 2.04 for the risk value, which was five times of that of the control group. Specifically, no maximum limit of morphine or codeine was set in product quality standards for more than four-fifth of the drugs. Moreover, 46.0% of package inserts failed to show any warning about addiction or prohibition over the long-term use of the drugs. The number of ingredients, as well as the functions of the drugs, was found to correlate with the risk value. Our findings suggested that CPMs were more risky in causing drug abuse and addiction than chemical drugs. Approaches, such as i） controlling the number of ingredients, ii） setting up maximum limit of morphine or codeine in quality standard, iii） providing more information on the package insert of drugs and iv） monitoring the drug containing both morphine and ephedrine, will be effective in reducing the risk of drug abuse and addiction.展开更多
文摘音乐疗愈是艺术疗愈的一个分支,同时又是心理治疗的一种手段。与传统心理治疗手段相比,音乐疗愈拥有普适性、易操作性、无副作用等优点;而与其他形式的艺术疗愈相比,音乐能够激发更强烈的情绪,而与静态图片以及短片相比,音乐激发的情绪与个体情绪状态具有高度一致性。此前研究已证实,音乐诱发的积极情绪可以削弱认知保持性的认知加工,并促进灵活性的认知加工;同时可以有效地缓解自我衰竭(ego depletion),从而使得个体更好地进行自我控制(self-control),并重新形成自我能效(self-efficacy),进而改善个体精神状态。从扩展—构建理论(broaden-build theory)、情绪即社会信息理论(Emotions as Social Information Theory)加以探究,音乐诱发积极情绪作为促成音乐疗愈的心理机制,不仅是可能的,也是合理的。
基金Funding Grants from University of Macao Research Grants(MYRG2015-00160-ICMS-QRCM and MYRG2014-00069-ICMS-QRCM)
文摘Chinese patent medicines（CPMs） are widely used across China, and they are differently administrated from chemical drugs. For traditional reasons, CPMs may contain opium-derived compounds, such as morphine, which may pose the issues of drug abuse and addiction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the present risk of morphine-containing CPMs in causing drug abuse and addiction, based on a questionnaire-based approach and from a medicinal administrative perspective. We chose 76 CPMs containing morphine from government document and set them as the study group, and 10 chemical drugs containing morphine were set as the control group. Because there is no ready-made method, we created an evaluation sheet consisting of five questions to evaluate each drug and generate a risk-value score. Crosstabs analysis using SPSS 15.0 was conducted to obtain the influencing factors. We found that the study group obtained a mean score of 2.04 for the risk value, which was five times of that of the control group. Specifically, no maximum limit of morphine or codeine was set in product quality standards for more than four-fifth of the drugs. Moreover, 46.0% of package inserts failed to show any warning about addiction or prohibition over the long-term use of the drugs. The number of ingredients, as well as the functions of the drugs, was found to correlate with the risk value. Our findings suggested that CPMs were more risky in causing drug abuse and addiction than chemical drugs. Approaches, such as i） controlling the number of ingredients, ii） setting up maximum limit of morphine or codeine in quality standard, iii） providing more information on the package insert of drugs and iv） monitoring the drug containing both morphine and ephedrine, will be effective in reducing the risk of drug abuse and addiction.
