Two new species of the leafhopper genus Bhatia and a new combination of the genus Fistulatus(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Drabescini)from China

Two new species of the genus Bhatia from China are described:Bhatia parasagittata Lu&Zhang sp.nov.at Mt.Fanjing(Guizhou)and Bhatia loba Lu&Zhang sp.nov.at Tongmo(Tibet).Fistulatus longiradiatus comb.nov.is provided based on the characters of pygofer lobe with a process on caudal margin and fore femur having several stout setae on anterior ventral margin.A checklist and key to all species of Bhatia and Fistulatus respectively are provided.

Effect of Apis mellifera on community composition of local pollinator bees and their pollination network in Qinling Mountains and surrounding areas

The Qinling Mountains, known for their rich vegetation and diverse pollinating insects, have seen a significant decline in bee species richness and abundance over recent decades, largely due to the introduction and spread of Apis mellifera. This decline has caused cascading effects on the region's community structure and ecosystem stability. To improve the protection of native bees in the natural and agricultural landscape of the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas, we investigated 33 sampling sites within three habitats: forest, forest-agriculture ecotones, and farmland. Using a generalized linear mixing model, t-test, and other data analysis methods, we explored the impact of Apis mellifera on local pollinator bee richness, abundance, and the pollination network in different habitats in these regional areas. The results show that(1)Apis mellifera significantly negatively affects the abundance and richness of wild pollinator bees,while Apis cerana abundance is also affected by beekeeping conditions.(2)There are significant negative effects of Apis mellifera on the community structure of pollinator bees in the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas: the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of bee communities at sites with Apis mellifera influence were significantly lower than those at sites without Apis mellifera influence.(3)The underlying driver of this effect is the monopolization of flowering resources by Apis mellifera. This species tends to visit flowering plants with large nectar sources, which constitute a significant portion of the local plant community. By maintaining a dominant role in the bee-plant pollination network, Apis mellifera competitively displaces native pollinator bees, reducing their access to floral resources. This ultimately leads to a reduction in local bee-plant interactions, decreasing the complexity and stability of the pollination network. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect native pollinator species and maintain the ecological balance in the Qinling Mountains.

Two new species in the bamboo-feeding genus Tiaobeinia(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Deltocephalinae)from China

Two new species of Mukariini,Tiaobeinia coarseata sp.nov.from Shaanxi and Tiaobeinia yuani sp.nov.from Gansu,are described.Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of these new species are given.A checklist of all known species in this tribe from China is provided and a key is proposed for all species of Tiaobeinia.

Three new species in the genus Saccharodite Kirkaldy(Hemiptera:Fulgoromorpha:Derbidae)from China

Three planthopper new species of the Old World derbid genus Saccharodite Kirkaldy,Saccharodite sexangula sp.nov.,Saccharodite rhomboidea sp.nov.and Saccharodite triangula sp.nov.,are described from Yunnan,China and illustrated.A checklist and key to all known species of the genus from China are given.

A new species of the genus Farynala Dworakowska(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Typhlocybinae)

A new species,Farynala annulata Zhou&Huang sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.A checklist and key to species of the genus Farynala are provided.

A new species in the genus Synanthedon(Lepidoptera:Sesiidae)from China

A new species,Synanthedon elaeagnus sp.nov.feeding on Elaeagnus mollis,is described from Shanxi,China.This new species is similar to Synanthedon ulmicola Yang&Wang,1989 in general morphology,but it differs from this latter species by features of the forewing,female and male genitalia.Neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood analysis both recover Synanthedon elaeagnus sp.nov.as a well-supported monophyletic lineage with a high support value based on COI gene sequences.The key features of this new species are illustrated.

Review of the genus Panorpa Linnaeus from the Nanling Mountains with descriptions of three new species(Mecoptera:Panorpidae)

The scorpionfly fauna of the genus Panorpa Linnaeus,1758 in the Nanling Mountains,southern China is reviewed,including three new species:Panorpa filititilana sp.nov.from Mangshan,Panorpa muricata sp.nov.from Jintongshan and Mao’ershan,and Panorpa yuechenglingensis sp.nov.from Mao’ershan.The species number of Panorpa is raised to 13 in the Nanling Mountains region.A key to species of Panorpa in the Nanling Mountains is provided.

Two new species of the genus Dicerapanorpa(Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Sichuan, China

Two new species of Dicerapanorpa Zhong & Hua, 2013 are described from Sichuan, China.Dicerapanorpa yijunae sp. nov. is characterized by basal branches of paramere incurved basally and parallel distally, mesal and lateral branches greatly incurved distally, reaching the base of gonostylus in male, and main plate broadened mesally, nearly as long as posterior arm in female. Dicerapanorpa luojishana sp. nov. is distinguished by basal and mesal branches of paramere nearly reaching median tooth of gonostylus, lateral branch reaching basal tooth, and aedeagus exceeding apex of gonocoxite in male, and main plate of medigynium pear-shaped, twice as long as the posterior arm in female. The new discovery enriches the diversity of Dicerapanorpa and increases the species number to fifteen.

Phylogenetic analysis of Fulgoroidea based on the morphological characters of the forewing base structure(Hemiptera:Auchenorrhyncha)

The forewing base structure of a representative species from 13 families of Fulgoroidea were examined.Results show that these families differ mainly from the characters of various sclerites,the presence or absence of humeral plate,proximal and distal median plate,and the method of connection between each sclerite.The phylogenetic relationships based on forewing structure support the monophyly of Fulgoroidea.Ricaniidae and Flatidae were recovered as sister taxa.Kinnaridae is the most primitive family in Fulgoroidea.

The tube-making spittlebug genus Machaerota(Hemiptera:Cercopoidea:Machaerotidae)from China,with description of a new species

The tube-making spittlebug genus Machaerota Burmeister from China is reviewed and a new species,Machaerota liangi sp.nov.from Yunnan,is described.This new species is characterized by having black body,head with postclypeus broadly rounded,scutellar process slightly longer than scutellum proper,weakly arched,apically reaching level of tegminal apices,and aedeagal shaft with conspicuous extension subapically on anterior margin.A key to the species from China is provided.

One newly recorded genus and species of Cameronaspis(Hemiptera:Diaspididae)from China

The genus Cameronaspis Takagi,Pong and Ghee,1988 is reported for the first time in China.The newly recorded species Cameronaspis adinandrae Takagi,Pong and Ghee,1988 is illustrated and redescribed.A checklist of the genus Cameronaspis worldwide is provided.

CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统在植物抗病毒防御中的应用

植物病毒病对世界农业生产构成严重威胁,保护粮食作物不受病毒侵害是农业的一个重大挑战。由分子生物技术主导的抗病毒工程已成为预防和控制植物病毒的有效策略。近期,CRISPR/Cas基因编辑系统介导的靶向DNA或RNA的进展,使其成为适用于植物保护领域极具吸引力的工具,正在被广泛用于生产抗病毒的栽培作物品种。本综述回顾CRISPR/Cas系统的发展,总结它们通过针对病毒序列或寄主易感基因控制不同植物病毒的应用;列出一些可用于抗病毒育种的潜在隐性抗性基因,并强调基于隐性抗性基因的抗病毒育种对产生无发育缺陷的转基因植物的重要性;描述CRISPR/Cas技术在田间检测和诊断植物病毒方面的应用。这一新兴分子技术的研究成果可以为扩展农业和粮食安全的发展作出重大贡献。