温度与压力对水肥一体化滴灌灌水器堵塞影响研究

【目的】探究在水肥一体化灌溉过程中,温度对灌水器堵塞的影响。【方法】以市场常用的内镶贴片式齿形流道灌水器为研究对象,采用4个温度梯度(15、20、25、30℃),2个工作压力(低压50 kPa、常压100 kPa),进行短周期间歇灌溉堵塞试验,并在试验后用场发射扫描电镜对堵塞物质的结构和组成成分进行分析。【结果】磷酸二铵加速堵塞效果明显,灌溉结束后灌水器平均相对流量下降到15.03%~34.02%;温度从15℃升高到30℃,平均相对流量的下降速率减小,灌水结束后低压下平均相对流量提高18.55%,常压下平均相对流量提高14.88%。温度并不影响堵塞物质的主要组成成分,其主要为磷酸盐沉淀,但温度提高,絮凝现象减弱,堵塞物质表面的复杂程度减小。灌水器中堵塞位置主要集中在过渡区、流道首部和流道尾部,占比分别为29.75%、22.31%、22.31%,改变温度并不影响其堵塞位置的分布。【结论】提高肥液温度可在一定程度上缓解灌水器的堵塞。

Microstructures and properties of porous TiAl-based intermetallics prepared by freeze-casting

Preparation of porous Ti Al-based intermetallics with aligned and elongated pores by freeze-casting was investigated. Engineering Ti-43 Al-9V-1Y powder(D50=50 μm), carboxymethyl cellulose, and guar gum were used to prepare the aqueous-based slurries for freeze-casting. Results showed that the porous Ti Al was obtained by using a freezing temperature of -5 ℃ and the pore structure was tailored by varying the particle content of slurry. The total porosity reduced from 81% to 62% and the aligned pore width dropped from approximately 500 to around 270 μm, with increasing the particle content from 10 to 30 vol.%. Furthermore, the compressive strength along the aligned pores increased from 16 to 120 MPa with the reduction of porosity. The effective thermal conductivities of porous Ti Al were lower than 1.81 W/(m·K) and showed anisotropic property with respect to the pore orientation.