长沙市雨花区夏季臭氧污染特征及一次臭氧污染过程成因分析

为了解长沙市臭氧(O3)污染特征及来源成因,文章基于2023年长沙市环境空气质量国家监测站点和光化学组分监测数据,分析长沙市夏季臭氧浓度变化特征,并对长沙市雨花区的一次持续5天的臭氧污染进行了深入分析。结果表明,2023年8月16~20日长沙市雨花区出现的一次持续的臭氧污染,主要是在不利气象条件及较高浓度前体物影响下的本地生成和传输影响形成的连续臭氧污染。长沙市雨花区臭氧浓度日变化峰型出现双峰和明显的拖尾峰,说明污染受传输影响较大,可能受较高海拔丘陵以及微环境地形地貌影响,污染易堆积。气象与臭氧污染分析显示夏季臭氧高浓度集中在温度大于33℃、湿度低于70%的时候。在南偏西风方向3级以下风力下,O3出现高值。烷烃和芳香烃的浓度在污染前、污染中和污染后三个阶段的前体物特征变化均最高。前十臭氧生成潜势(OFP)组分中间/对二甲苯、1,2,3-三甲苯和甲苯、异戊烷和正丁烷浓度有明显升高。基于观测的模型分析显示长沙市雨花区目前处在VOCs控制区,芳香烃对臭氧生成影响最大;VOCs源解析结果显示雨花区VCOs来源机动车尾气占比最高,达36.1%,其次为工业排放源,从OFP贡献占比来看,机动车尾气源贡献最大,占比达33.5%,其次为溶剂使用源,占28.4%。Based on the 2023 National Monitoring Station of Environmental Air Quality in Changsha City and the monitoring data of photochemical components, the characteristics of summer ozone concentration changes and 5-day continuous ozone pollution in the Yuhua District of Changsha City were analyzed for exploring the characteristics and causes of ozone (O3) pollution. The results indicate that sustained ozone pollution occurred in Yuhua District, Changsha City from August 16 to 20, 2023, mainly due to local generation and transport effects under adverse meteorological conditions and high concentrations of precursor substances. The daily variation peak pattern of ozone concentration in Yuhua District, Changsha City shows a bimodal and obvious tailing peak, indicating that pollution is greatly affected by transmission and may be influenced by high-altitude hills and micro environmental topography, making pollution prone to accumulation. The correlation analysis between meteorology and ozone pollution shows that high concentrations of ozone in summer are concentrated when the temperature is greater than 33˚C and the humidity is below 70%. Under wind speeds below level 3 in the southwesterly direction, O3 shows a high value. Compared with the changes in the characteristics of precursors before, during, and after pollution, the concentrations of alkanes and aromatics were the highest during the pollution period. The top ten components with significantly increased ozone generation potential (OFP) were m/p-xylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, and toluene, while the concentrations of isopentane and n-butane increased significantly. Observational model analysis shows that Yuhua District is currently in the VOCs controlled area, with aromatic hydrocarbons having the greatest impact on ozone generation. Sources apportionment of VOC show that the proportion of vehicle exhaust is the highest, reaching 36.1%, followed by industrial emission sources. In terms of the contribution of OFP, the contribution of vehicle exhaust sources is the highest, accounting for 33.5%, followed by solvent use sources, accounting for 28.4%.

水质自动监测系统在水环境监测中的应用

现代信息技术让各行各业都产生巨大的变革,人工智能的应用给环境监测带来众多发展机遇。在水环境监测中,水质自动监测系统的应用尤为重要,该系统能够利用人工智能对区域水质进行实时监测,全方位监测水质变化,为水环境保护提供有效数据支持。本文分析了水质自动监测系统在水环境监测中的应用,并针对发展瓶颈提出应对策略,以供参考。

长沙某区域空气污染成因分析

探寻长沙某区域内的大气污染成因,为该区域大气污染预警与控制提供理论依据。以该区域内大气中PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_(3)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO、有机污染物等污染因子为研究对象,以各污染因子浓度与组成在2021年3月至2022年2月的监测数据为依据,通过污染因子与影响因素之间的关联性分析,确定该区域内各污染因子的形成原因。结果显示:该区域内PM_(2.5)年均浓度为40μg/m_(3)、PM_(10)年均浓度为43μg/m^(3),大气颗粒污染物主要由工地扬尘、非道路移动机械、机动车尾气以及燃烧源共同引起;大气有机物污染主要是由机动车尾气排放、有机溶剂挥发以及化石燃料燃烧产生。通过对臭氧生成潜势进行分析发现,芳香烃类物质贡献最大,占比60.8%,其次为烯烃类物质,占比为22.9%,这表明该区域臭氧浓度受溶剂涂料使用工序影响较大。

生物脱氮材料对对虾养殖水体的净化研究

针对水产养殖过程中常用的脱氮材料存在着不能分解氮类物质或者是不能重复利用等弊端,研究将反硝化菌与海泡石、沸石一起驯化培养,固定化后制备出一种脱氮新材料。材料使用结果表明当材料使用温度高于25℃时,可使对虾养殖水体中的氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮的降解率达80%。60 d的连续性试验显示,材料可长期稳定地使对虾养殖水体中氨氮的出水含量低于0.3 mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮低于0.06 mg/L。处理后的水质基本上可以满足室内对虾养殖对水质的要求。

基于水资源利用与保护的节水型社会建设分析

新时代,统筹推进水资源利用与保护是全面践行可持续发展理念的客观要求。因此,要加强水资源利用和保护,引导大众主动参与节水行动,减少水资源浪费,提高水资源利用率,全力推进节水型社会建设。本文从水资源利用与保护视角入手,分析节水型社会的建设路径,以期最终实现可持续发展。