Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglyce...Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglycemic effects,and metabolic advantages.Their primary mechanisms of action encompass promoting insulin release,inhibiting glucagon secretion,bolstering pancreatic islet cell function,curbing appetite,and slowing gastric emptying.This article delves into the clinical evidence underscoring the efficacy of various GLP-1RAs.Notably,these agents have demonstrated marked improvements in glycemic control,significant weight reduction,and substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.Nonetheless,certain adverse effects of GLP-1RAs,such as pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction,have been reported,warranting vigilant monitoring by healthcare professionals.In sum,GLP-1RAs hold significant promise in the management of type 2 diabetes,offering notable cardiovascular and renal advantages.展开更多
Osteoporosis,a prevalent systemic degenerative disease,poses significant challenges to China’s national health,particularly due to complications such as fractures.Therapeutic interventions for osteoporosis primarily ...Osteoporosis,a prevalent systemic degenerative disease,poses significant challenges to China’s national health,particularly due to complications such as fractures.Therapeutic interventions for osteoporosis primarily involve bone resorption inhibitors(antiresorptive)and bone formation promoters(anabolic).Numerous studies underscore the importance of sequential and combination treatments using diverse drug types.Such approaches have shown considerable efficacy in increasing bone mineral density,reducing fracture risk,and preventing the progression of osteoporosis.This article aimed to consolidate various sequential treatment schemes,offering valuable insights for clinicians in their practice.展开更多
Canagliflozin(CANA)is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.One of the important mechanisms of CANA is the inhibitory effect on the glucose uptake in the proximal tubule of the nephron,and the other mechanism ca...Canagliflozin(CANA)is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.One of the important mechanisms of CANA is the inhibitory effect on the glucose uptake in the proximal tubule of the nephron,and the other mechanism can be the reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression monocytes and macrophages.It is proved by FDA for the management of type 2 diabetes.In the present work,we summarized the publication and clinical evidence of the CANA on healthy individuals and those with related metabolic diseases,such as type 1 and 2 diabetes,obesity,or cardiovascular and kidney diseases.This drug has been reported to offer potential advantages in regulating body weight and reducing heart failure,hypoglycemia,and stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.Some in vitro and animal experiments also show that this drug has good effects on cancer treatment.However,some case reports and experiments also show the side effect of CANA,such as amputation,fracture,and pancreatitis,while the mechanism is still unknown.Overall,CANA has a good effect on the management of type 2 diabetes by reducing the risk of kidney failure,cardiovascular diseases,and stroke.However,as a new drug,more clinical trials and experiments of CANA should be carried out in the future.展开更多
基金R&D Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KM202110025001).
文摘Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)are novel hypoglycemic agents that have garnered widespread acceptance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,largely attributed to their safety profile,potent hypoglycemic effects,and metabolic advantages.Their primary mechanisms of action encompass promoting insulin release,inhibiting glucagon secretion,bolstering pancreatic islet cell function,curbing appetite,and slowing gastric emptying.This article delves into the clinical evidence underscoring the efficacy of various GLP-1RAs.Notably,these agents have demonstrated marked improvements in glycemic control,significant weight reduction,and substantial cardiovascular and renal protection.Nonetheless,certain adverse effects of GLP-1RAs,such as pancreatitis and intestinal obstruction,have been reported,warranting vigilant monitoring by healthcare professionals.In sum,GLP-1RAs hold significant promise in the management of type 2 diabetes,offering notable cardiovascular and renal advantages.
基金The Undergraduate Research Innovation Program of Capital Medical University(Grant No.XSKY2021387).
文摘Osteoporosis,a prevalent systemic degenerative disease,poses significant challenges to China’s national health,particularly due to complications such as fractures.Therapeutic interventions for osteoporosis primarily involve bone resorption inhibitors(antiresorptive)and bone formation promoters(anabolic).Numerous studies underscore the importance of sequential and combination treatments using diverse drug types.Such approaches have shown considerable efficacy in increasing bone mineral density,reducing fracture risk,and preventing the progression of osteoporosis.This article aimed to consolidate various sequential treatment schemes,offering valuable insights for clinicians in their practice.
基金Beijing Excellent Talents Training Assistance(Grant No.2017000082595G244)the Health and Research Bureau of Tongzhou District(Grant No.TWKY-2016-QN-01-58)。
文摘Canagliflozin(CANA)is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.One of the important mechanisms of CANA is the inhibitory effect on the glucose uptake in the proximal tubule of the nephron,and the other mechanism can be the reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression monocytes and macrophages.It is proved by FDA for the management of type 2 diabetes.In the present work,we summarized the publication and clinical evidence of the CANA on healthy individuals and those with related metabolic diseases,such as type 1 and 2 diabetes,obesity,or cardiovascular and kidney diseases.This drug has been reported to offer potential advantages in regulating body weight and reducing heart failure,hypoglycemia,and stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.Some in vitro and animal experiments also show that this drug has good effects on cancer treatment.However,some case reports and experiments also show the side effect of CANA,such as amputation,fracture,and pancreatitis,while the mechanism is still unknown.Overall,CANA has a good effect on the management of type 2 diabetes by reducing the risk of kidney failure,cardiovascular diseases,and stroke.However,as a new drug,more clinical trials and experiments of CANA should be carried out in the future.
