中医药治疗哮喘的作用机制研究进展

支气管哮喘是常见的呼吸系统疾病之一,中医药治疗哮喘具有明确的疗效。查阅了近10年来有关中医药防治支气管哮喘作用机理方面的文献,从中医药对气道炎症、气道高反应性、气道重塑及对免疫功能的影响四个方面,综述了中医药治疗支气管哮喘的作用机制,以期为进一步的研究提供基础。

Inhibition of human cytochrome CYP1B1 by anthraquinone compounds,chrysophanol and physcion

The in vitro inhibitory effects of chrysophanol and physcion on CYP1B1 were explored,utilizing ethoxyresorufin as the substrate.The inhibition kinetics of CYP1B1 by these compounds were assessed with escalating doses of ethoxyresorufin.Both chrysophanol(IC_(50)(0.47±0.01)μmol·L^(-1))and physcion(IC_(50)(0.35±0.02)μmol·L^(-1))significantly reduce the catalytic efficiency of CYP1B1.The V_(max)and K_(m)values are determined to be(51.9912±10.0547)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.9663±0.2987)nmol·L^(-1)for chrysophanol,and(45.4227±1.9978)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.4367±0.0386)nmol·L^(-1)for physcion,respectively.Kinetic analysis reveals that chrysophanol and physcion exert mixed inhibitory effects on CYP1B1.This mixed inhibition is primarily characterized by the compounds’ability to competitively bind to the active sites of CYP1B1,as well as potentially through non-competitive mechanisms,thereby reducing the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency.Molecular docking studies are conducted to elucidate the interaction between anthraquinone derivatives and CYP1B1,indicating that these compounds may inhibit CYP1B1 activity by binding to their active sites.The demonstrated capacity of chrysophanol and physcion to inhibit CYP1B1 enzymatic function unveils a potential anticancer mechanism,advancing our comprehension of how the structure of anthraquinone derivatives correlates with CYP1B1 inhibition and paving the way for developing innovative cancer treatments.

基于CiteSpace的增液汤研究进展知识图谱可视化分析

基于CiteSpace6.1.R6软件对增液汤相关的研究热点与前沿进行可视化分析。方法 检索中国知网、维普网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库1980年3月至2023年3月发表的与增液汤相关研究文献,并分别进行发文量、作者、机构和关键词的共现、关键词的聚类等可视化分析并绘制图谱,结合人工检索内容进行讨论。结果 共纳入相关文献1034篇,近四十年增液汤发文量总体呈上升趋势;作者共现中发文量最多的为吴晓丹、孙丽英。机构共现示以南京中医药大学发文量最多。高频关键词有增液汤、增液承气汤、便秘、中医药治疗、糖尿病、干燥综合征等。近五年的突现词主要为临床疗效、功能性便秘、增液润燥汤、糖尿病等。增液汤的研究热点包括理论研究、临床运用及实验研究。结论 增液汤在临床中主要用于便秘、干燥综合征、糖尿病的治疗,实验方面通过细胞生物、分子生物学等方法研究增液汤治疗各种疾病的作用机制是该领域近年来的趋势。

医院中药房中药饮片的质量管理分析

中药材、中药饮片的质量管理是中药产品用于患者服药前的一种时空停留,是医院对仓库待销药品的一种管理形式。所谓中药饮片,是指按照中医药理论、中药的炮制方法,经过加工炮制之后可以直接用于中医临床的药物。作为中国中医产业的三大支柱中的一种,中药饮片为中医临床辨证治疗提供了药物基础,也是中成药的重要原料。对其质量管理也是直接关系到中药饮片有无效用的重要环节,然而目前的医院中药房中药饮片的治疗管理中存在着一定的缺陷,积极寻求出相应的合理的解决方案显得尤为重要。所以本文通过从医院中药房中药饮片质量管理存在的问题、解决的办法这几个方面进行了综述。

姚美玉运用补肾利水化瘀法辨治女性尿道疼痛综合征的经验

介绍姚美玉治疗绝经后女性尿道疼痛综合征的临床经验。姚美玉认为绝经后女性尿道综合征的病机以肾虚为本,水瘀互结为标,主张从补肾利水化瘀治疗,临床上自拟补肾利水化瘀方,可改善症状,获得不错的疗效。并举验案1则以验证。

中药注射剂不良反应的常见原因分析

目的:探讨中药注射剂存在不良反应的常见原因,总结些许医学经验,从而为临床提供借鉴意义。方法:在临床中选取2010年12月～2012年12月期间收治的100例采用中药注射剂产生不良反应的患者,收集其临床资料,从年龄、累及器官和造成的原因几个方面进行统计学分析。结果:此次研究中处于30～60岁之间的患者占比最大;累及器官中皮肤系统、胃肠系统和神经系统这三个方面与其余器官相比占比更大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在造成中药注射剂出现不良反应的原因中,药证不相配是主要的原因(P<0.05)。结论:分析中药注射剂不良反应的常见原因可以有效指导临床合理用药,提高治疗效率,降低不良反应的发生几率,值得推广。

瓜蒌薤白半夏汤治疗冠心病作用机制的研究进展

冠心病作为当今常见的心血管疾病之一,其发病率随着人们生活水平的提高逐渐上升,且有呈现出年轻化的态势,因此进行本病相关治疗的研究尤为重要。瓜蒌薤白半夏汤是出自于医圣张仲景之手的经典名方,其在治疗冠心病方面表现出独特的优势,而且关于本方的现代研究亦较多。故为了使本方更好的应用于临床,缓解患者之所苦,本文从减少内皮细胞损伤,改善内皮细胞功能;降低炎性因子水平,改善微炎症状态;调节血脂水平,改善血液流变学状态;减轻氧化应激,提高心肌能量代谢以及稳定斑块、抑制心室重构,改善心肌功能及预后等方面对近3-5年有关瓜蒌薤白半夏汤的相关研究进行综述,以飨同道。

高校校园贷风险与防范策略

互联网技术及移动支付的普及、消费多元化的发展、消费观念的转变、合法借贷渠道的不足、非法校园贷“套路”的诱导、大学生风险意识及金融知识的薄弱等众多因素致非法校园贷野蛮生长,引发了诸多社会问题和债务悲剧。面对校园贷的乱象丛生,需“引导”教育校园贷使用者、治理“堵住”非法校园贷提供者、培育“疏通”正规校园贷供应者应对校园贷风险,避免校园成为非法校园贷“收割场”。

慕课时代高校思政课“学习共同体”的构建

2020年初突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情爆发,加速了线上教育教学改革的进程,使中国教育迅速进入到慕课2.0时代。高校思想政治理论课作为落实立德树人根本任务的关键课程,将面临着前所未有的挑战。在慕课时代不断探索创新中,为充分利用好线上思政课教学主阵地,可尝试构建师与师、生与生、师与生之间“学习共同体”,突破传统教与学的界定,形成“你中有我、我中有你”的新型学习关系。坚持统一性与多样性相统一,发挥教师间优势互补;坚持隐性教育和显性教育相统一,实现生生间共同进步;坚持主导性和主体性相统一,达到师生间同频共振,从而打造同呼吸、共命运、齐发展的共同体,实现思政课全方位育人要求。

Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for vascular dementia

Acupuncture can intervene with and treat vascular dementia(VD)through multiple targets and pathways.The mechanisms of its action involve inhibiting central inflammatory responses,regulating neuronal synaptic plasticity,modulating oxidative stress,reducing neuronal apoptosis,and adjusting cellular autophagy.This paper summarizes researches on the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment for vD over the past decade,aiming to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of acupuncture in treating VD and offer a reference for future in-depth research in this field.

Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major cause of death in humans,with high morbidity,mortality,and disability rates.Secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is a consequence of brain edema and neurological dysfunction.Acupuncture is markedly effective against secondary brain injury,and various mechanisms are involved in its action,such as inhibition of inflammatory cascades,inhibition of oxidative stress,attenuation of brain edema,inhibition of nerve cell death,and regulation of neural plasticity.This paper summarizes the mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture on secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in recent years to provide new ideas for subsequent research.

Professor Wei-bin GAO's experience in treatment of voiding dysfunction with electroacupuncture

As a common clinical syndrome,voiding dysfunction is complicated in etiology,involved in a variety of diseases and associated with multi-disciplines of medicine.Either medication or surgery has not obtained the favorable effect on it.Integrated the theories of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine and based on the pathogenesis of the disease,the acupoint specificity and neuromodulatory effects,Professor Wei-bin GAO suggested"selecting the acupoints along the affected areas"The acupoints located near to the lumbar,sacral and abdominal regions are dominated and stimulated with electroacupuncture at different electric waves.In treatment,electric stimulation with disperse and dense waves was adopted.The bone conduction theory of dense-wave electric field was proposed.The same neuromodulation is presented in different diseases such as neurogenic bladder,pediatric enuresis,senile nocturia,benign prostatic hyerplasia,and postpartum of postoperative urination disorders.Hence,the same therapeutic method is adoptable to different diseases with the basic acupoint composition modified.

Effects of pricking blood therapy at meridian sinews on upper limb spasm of post-stroke patients

Objective:To observe effects of pricking blood therapy at meridian sinews on upper limb spasm of poststroke patients.Methods:A total of 72 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasm were randomly divided into a comprehensive group of pricking blood therapy at meridian sinews with rehabilitation training(comprehensive group)and the simple rehabilitation training group(rehabilitation group),and there were 36 patients in each group.On the basis of routine therapy,the patients of the two groups received rehabilitation therapy for 6 consecutive days and 1-day rest,for 4 weeks in total.On the above basis,the patients in the comprehensive group received pricking blood therapy at meridian sinews,once every other day,3 times per week,for 4 weeks in total.Before treatment,after the first treatment,and after 4-week treatment,the patients were observed for changes of upper limb spasticity(Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS),upper limb movement function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment,FMA),activity of daily living(Modified Barthel Index,MBI),and biceps and triceps integrated electromyogram(IEMG)values were observed as well as the therapeutic effects.Results:(1)After the first treatment,there were statistically significant differences of the MAS scale grades in patients of the two groups(P<0.05).The FMA scores in the comprehensive group were increased than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the MBI scores of the two groups were increased than those before treatment(both P<0.05).The FMA and MBI scores in the comprehensive group were higher than those of the rehabilitation group(both P<0.05).The biceps and triceps IEMG values were not improved than those before treatment(all P>0.05).(2)After 4-week treatment,there were statistically significant differences of MAS grades in patients of the two groups(P<0.05).The FMA and MBI scores in the two groups were increased than those before treatment(all P<0.05),and the FMA and MBI scores in the comprehensive group were higher than those in the rehabilitation group(both P<0.05).Through comparison of the differences of FMA and MBI scores of the two groups,the difference values in the comprehensive group were higher than those of the rehabilitation group(both P<0.05).The biceps and triceps IEMG values in the two groups were decreased than those before treatment(all P<0.05),and those in the comprehensive group were lower than those in the rehabilitation group(both P<0.05).The biceps and triceps IEMG values in patients of the comprehensive group were higher than those before treatment(both P<0.05).(3)After 4-week treatment,the total effective rate in the comprehensive group was 83.3%(30/36),and that was 58.3%(21/36)in the rehabilitation group.The total effective rate in the comprehensive group was higher than that in the rehabilitation group(P<0.05).Conclusions:The pricking blood therapy at meridian sinews can release affected upper limb flexor muscle spasticity and movement function of the patients with post-stroke upper limb spasm,decrease biceps IEMG values of the affected side,and improve activities of daily living.

Clinical efficacy evaluation of body acupuncture and scalp acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave for scapulohumeral periarthritis

Objective:To observe the short-and long-term clinical efficacy differences of body acupuncture and scalp acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave and simple extracorporeal shock wave.Methods:Sixty patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group and control group,30 cases in each one.Both groups underwent basic rehabilitation training.Patients in the treatment group were treated with body acupuncture and scalp acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave.Yújì(鱼际 LU10),Hégǔ(合谷L14),Zhōngzhǔ(中渚TE3),Hòuxī(后溪SI3).There were three needles for the scalp acupuncture with the first between Shéntíng(神庭 GV24)and Yìntáng(印堂 EX-HN3),and the other two straightly through the inner canthus and parallel to the first needle.Shock wave treatment was intensively applied in some pressure points around shoulder joint.The control group used the same shock wave therapy as the treatment group.Both groups were all treated once a day,6 times a week.Patients were treated for one course which lasted for 4 weeks.VAS score,the Constant-Murley score and the HAMA(the Hamilton Anxiety Scale)are as therapeutic effect index.30 days telephone investigation followed-up after the treatment course was evaluated.Results:Totally 28 cases completed the clinical observation in the treatment group,and 29 cases in the control group.The total effective rate of the treatment group was 85.7%(24/28),which was higher than 69.0%(20/29)of the control group(P<0.05).VAS score:There were significant statistical differences before and after the treatment in the two groups(the treatment group:6.67 ± 1.43 vs 3.47 ± 1.35,the control group:7.57 ± 1.31 vs 5.36 ± 1.45,both P<0.05).There were significant statistical differences before the treatment and at the follow-up in the two groups(the treatment group:6.67 ± 1.43 vs2.68±0.81,the control group:7.57±1.31 vs 4.56±1.35,both P<0.05).The VAS scores of the treatment group after treatment and at the follow-up were respectively lower than those of the control group(both P<0.05).Shoulder joints activity score:There were significant statistical differences before and after the treatment in the two groups(the treatment group:54.65±1.65 vs 65.54±2.19,the control group:54.32 ± 2.31 vs 61.01 ± 0.95,both P<0.05).There were significant statistical differences before treatment and at follow-up in the two groups(the treatment group:54.65 ± 1.65 vs 66.18± 1.35,the control group:54.32 ± 2.31 vs 62.11 ± 1.49,both P<0.05).The shoulder activity scores of the treatment group after treatment and at follow-up were respectively higher than those of the control group(both P<0.05).HAMA scores:There were singificant statistical differences before and after treatment in the two groups(the treatment group:16.83 ± 1.56 vs 13.26 ± 2.36,the control group:17.04 ± 1.84 vs 15.23 ±3.17,both P<0.05).There were significant statistical differences before treatment and at follow-up in the two groups(the treatment group:16.83 ± 1.56 vs 11.01 ± 3.20,the control group:17.04 ± 1.84 vs 13.68 ± 2.49,both P<0.05).The HAMA scores of the treatment group after treatment and at follow-up were lower than those of the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Body acupuncture and scalp acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave can relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis,ease anxiety and improve daily life activities.

Collateral-pricking and blood-letting cupping combined with electroacupuncture for post-herpetic neuralgia

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of collateral-pricking and blood-letting cupping combined with surrounding needling technique electroacupuncture in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia(PHN).Methods:Seventy-two patients with post-herpetic neuralgia were randomized into observation group and control group.Of the 72 cases,12 cases fell off,so finally 30 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with collateral-pricking and blood-letting cupping combined with surrounding needling technique electroacupuncture,while the control group was treated simply with pregabalin capsules for 20 consecutive days.On the basis of the western medication pregabalin capsules,the same as that of the control group,collateral-pricking and blood-letting cupping combined with electroacupuncture in a surrounding needling technique,was adopted for the observation group,once every two days,ten days as one course of treatment,a total of two courses.The immediate visual analogue scale(VAS)before and after treatment were observed in the two groups,and their clinical effects were compared.Results:The VAS scores of PHN patients in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(both P<0.01),and the scores of observation group were lower than those of control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 86.7%,higher than 73.3% of the control group.Conclusion:The clinical effect of collateral-pricking and blood-letting cupping combined with electroacupuncture is relatively satisfactory in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia.

Clinical effect on knee osteoarthritis treated with Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy

Objective:To observe and compare the clinical effect on knee osteoarthritis(KOA)between Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy(FSN)and convention acupuncture.Methods:A total of 80 outpatients with KOA were divided into a FSN group(40 cases)and a conventional acupuncture group(40 cases)according to random number table.Within 1 week of treatment,FSN was used once every two days in the FSN group.The needle tip of Fu’s subcutaneous needle was inserted toward the affected muscle,about 5 mm in depth,at the angle of 15 to 25°.After the needle body lifted slightly,the needle went forward subcutaneously for 25 to 35 mm in depth and was swiped side to side horizontally with even exertion for about 1 min.According to the distribution of affected muscle,the reperfusion approach was repeated for 3 times consecutively.In the conventional acupuncture group conventional acupuncture was given,once a day,for 6 times totally.The scores of Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index(WOMAC)and Lysholm knee scoring scale(Lysholm)were compared between the two groups before and after 1-week treatment.The clinical effect of the two groups was analyzed statistically and evaluated.Results:After 1-week treatment with FSN,in the FSN group,the score of WOMACpain was reduced to be7.7±1.9 from 18.5±3.2,the score of WOMACstiffnessto be 1.5±0.7 from 4.5±1.8,WOMACfunction to be22.7±3.9 from 45.7±2.7 and the score of WOMACoverall to be 31.9±5.3 from 69.7±6.5.The differences were significant in comparison before and after treatment(all P<0.05).In the conventional acupuncture group,after 1-week treatment with conventional acupuncture,the score of WOMACpain was reduced to be11.3±2.8 from 18.2±3.0,the score of WOMACstiffness to be 3.0±1.6 from 5.6±1.7,WOMACfunction to be29.8±5.1 from 44.3±2.9 and the score of WOMACoverall to be 44.1±7.8 from 69.1±7.3.The differences were significant in comparison before and after treatment(all P<0.05).WOMAC score of every item in the FSN group was lower obviously than that in the conventional acupuncture group(P<0.01).After 1-week treatment,Lysholm score was increased to be 78.52±18.4 from 59.64±18.3 in the FSN group and it was to be 69.27±11.9 from 58.17±12.5 in the conventional acupuncture group.The differences were significant in comparison before and after treatment in either group(both P<0.05).Lysholm score in the FSN group was higher than that in the conventional acupuncture group(P<0.05).The total effective rate was 92.5%in the FSN group,higher than 77.5%in the conventional acupuncture group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy effectively relieves the clinical symptoms of KOA and improves knee joint function.The therapeutic effect is better than that of the regular acupuncture.

Efficacy of catgut-embedding therapy at"five neck points"on cervical spondylotic arteriopathy and effects on hemodynamics:A randomized clinical trial

Objective:To observe the effect of catgut-embedding therapy at five neck points in the treatment of cervical spondylotic arteriopathy(CSA)and analyze its effects on the hemodynamics of patients with CSA.Methods:Using the computer randomization method,72 patients with CSA were divided into a catgutembedding therapy group(n=36,none dropped out)and a western medication group(n=36,none dropped out).In the catgut-embedding therapy group,the therapy was applied to five neck points,i.e.bilateral Jǐngjiājǐ(颈夹脊)at C5,bilateral Jǐngjiājǐ(颈夹脊)at C6,and Dàzhuī(大椎GV14)once a week.One3-week treatment session was required.In the western medication group,flunarizine hydrochloride 5 mg capsules were administered orally once daily for 3 weeks.Efficacy was assessed before and after 3 weeks treatment using a functional evaluation scale for cervical spondylotic arteriopathy(FS-CSA).Changes in vertebral-basilar arterial hemodynamics,serum nitric oxide(NO)level,and plasma endothelin(ET)level were detected.Results:Efficacy was assessed when the treatment session was completed.The total efficacy rate was significantly higher in the catgut-embedding therapy group(86.1%)than in the western medication group(61.1%;P<0.01).The after treatment FS-CSA score was reduced compared with baseline score in both groups(P<0.05),and the reduction in the catgut-embedding therapy group was superior to that in the Western medication group(P<0.05).Compared with baseline,the flow velocity and pulsatility index of the bilateral vertebral and basilar arteries increased at each period in both groups(P<0.05)except for the left systolic velocity of the vertebral artery after treatment.The increase in the catgut-embedding therapy group was greater than that in the western medication group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum NO concentration was increased and the plasma ET concentration was reduced compared to baseline in both groups(P<0.05),while the improvements in the catgut-embedding therapy group were superior to those in the western medication group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy in the catgut-embedding therapy group was superior to that in the western medication group.Catgut-embedding therapy at five neck points may effectively improve psychological and functional conditions,promote vertebral basilar arterial supply,and relieve clinical symptoms in patients with CSA.

Combination of acupuncture with rehabilitation training for pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of needling at "five acupoints for swallow function" combined with rehabilitation training and only rehabilitation training in the treatment of dysphagia due to pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke.Methods:Seventy-six patients were randomized into rehabilitation group and combination group,with 38 cases in each.Both groups were treated with basic treatment of western medicine.The rehabilitation group was treated with routine rehabilitation training,and the combination group was treated with acupuncture at "five acupoints for swallow function" based on treatment in the rehabilitation group.Patients in the two groups were treated once a day,6 days a week,1 day for rest,for 3 weeks in succession.The changes in the grades and scores of water swallow test(WST),video fluoroscopic swallowing study(VFSS),and swallowing quality of life questionnaire(SWAL-QOL) in the two groups were observed before and after treatment,and the clinical effects of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the WST grades of the two groups were statistically different from that of before treatment(both P<0.05),and the WST grade of the combination group was statistically different from that of the rehabilitation group(P<0.05).After treatment,the VFSS and SWAL-QOL scores of the two groups were increased in comparing with those of before treatment(all P <0.05),and the VFSS and SWAL-QOL scores of the combination group were higher than those of the rehabilitation group(both P <0.05).The total effective rate of the combination group was 92.1%(35/38),higher than 60.1%(23/38) of the rehabilitation group.Conclusion:The acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke is more effective than rehabilitation training only.The combination of the two can significantly relieve the dysphagia and improve the patients' quality of life.

Effect of electroacupuncture on knee osteoarthritis and relevant inflammatory factors:A randomized clinical trial

Objective:To explore the treatment effects of electroacupuncture(EA),acupuncture with filiform needle,and western medication for knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:It was a randomized,controlled trial with the blinding of outcome assessors and statistician.90 outpatients were diagnosed as KOA in Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Using the random number table,they were divided into a medication group,an acupuncture group and an EA group,30 cases in each one.In the medication group,routine medication was provided with oral administration of celebrex for 21 days.Regular acupuncture was applied in the remaining groups,at Liángqiū(梁丘ST34),Xuèhǎi(血海SP10),Dúbí(犊鼻ST35),Nèixīyǎn(内膝眼EX-LE4),Yánglíngquán(阳陵泉GB34),Hèdǐng(鹤顶EX-LE2)and Sānyīnjiāo(三阴交SP6)and the needles were retained for 30 min.In the EA group,electric stimulation with low-frequency pulse current and dense wave was applied for 30 min on the basis of the treatment of the acupuncture group.The treatment was applied once daily at 1-day intervals after each 6-day treatment for a total of 21 days.Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)and visual analogy scale(VAS)scores and levels of serum inflammatory factors(interleukin-1β[IL-1β]and tumor necrosis factor[TNF-α])were used to assess the clinical therapeutic effect.Results:Following treatment,there were significant differences in the WOMAC score in the medication,acupuncture,and EA groups after treatment(all P<0.01).In the comparison among groups,after treatment,the WOMAC score in the EA group was lower than that in either the acupuncture or medication group(both P<0.01).Compared to before treatment,VAS scores were significantly different in the medication group(3.95±0.55 vs 5.75±1.40),the acupuncture group(2.78±0.38 vs 5.78±1.44)and EA group(1.72±0.38 vs 5.78±1.39)separately after treatment(all P<0.01).In the comparison among groups,after treatment,the VAS score in the EA group was lower than that in either the acupuncture or medication group(both P<0.01).Compared to before treatment,IL-1βlevels were significantly different in the medication group(31.53±6.84 vs 63.33±10.25),acupuncture group(31.70±7.54 vs63.90±9.96)and the EA groups(23.43±3.94 vs 63.10±10.66)separately after treatment(all P<0.01).IL-1βlevels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the acupuncture and medication groups(both P<0.01).Compared to before treatment,TNF-αlevels were significantly different in the medication group(40.20±6.09 vs 68.77±11.13),the acupuncture group(39.60±7.55 vs 68.33±11.51)and the EA groups(22.17±5.72 vs 68.97±10.52)separately after treatment(all P<0.01).TNF-αlevels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the acupuncture and medication groups(both P<0.01).After treatment,there were no significant differences in TNF-αand IL-1βlevels between the acupuncture and medication groups(both P>0.05).The total effective rates were 86.67%(26/30),73.33%(22/30)and70.00%(21/30)in the EA,acupuncture,and medication groups,respectively.The total effective rate was higher in the EA group than in either the acupuncture or medication group(both P<0.05).In the whole process of trial,the adverse events occurred in three groups.In consideration of the potential association between these adverse events and acupuncture treatment,the acupuncture physiotherapists and experts classified the adverse events into the treatment relevance or non-treatment relevance within 24 h of occurrence.Conclusion:All three therapeutic methods alleviated clinical symptoms of KOA and reduced levels of relevant inflammatory factors in serum.EA with dense wave is more advantageous than the traditional acupuncture technique and routine medication and is therefore worthy of clinical application.

Quality evaluation of heat stress treated Radix saposhnikoviae using pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic methods

The quality of Radix saposhnikoviae（RS） had deteriorated due to the adoption of cultivated plants rather than wild plants. High temperature treatment increases the content of several chromones, however using one or more individual constituents would be difficult to determine the medical quality of RS. In this paper, we used pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic approaches to evaluate the quality of RS. The active constituents were analysed using pharmacokinetic parameters of the chromone derivatives, and the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by pyretic animal model, hot plate test, and ear edema model, respectively. Only cimifugin was found in plasma after RS and heat-stress-RS were administered to rats, with a 50.6% increase in AUC0–24 h of cimifugin in the latter. Likewise, more potent anti-pyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities were also found in the latter. Exposure of S. divaricata fresh roots to high temperatures enhanced the antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of RS by promoting the absorption of cimifugin.