家鸭体内江西光睾吸虫新种的形态结构特征

通过肉眼观察活虫体的形态和颜色,染色制作标本,显微镜下观察虫体外形、内部结构,测量虫体和器官结构大小和位置,显示江西光睾吸虫虫体条状,两侧几乎平行,纵轴两侧对称,体表光滑,头尾两端钝圆,尾部有短的尾突,体长7.314~12.342mm,平均10.194mm;两睾丸长椭圆形,无缺刻,后睾略大于前睾,有形状不规则的梅氏腺。该种吸虫与已报道的5种光睾属吸虫形态结构不符,鉴定为江西光睾吸虫新种(Psilorchis jiangxiensis sp.nov.)。

不同猕猴桃品种果实发育过程中总酚和类黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的动态变化

【目的】探讨不同猕猴桃品种果实发育过程中总酚、类黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的动态变化差异。【方法】以江西主栽的美味猕猴桃'金魁’和中华猕猴桃'红阳’以及本课题组自主选育的毛花猕猴桃'赣猕6号’为试材,对果实生长发育过程中总酚、类黄酮含量和FRAP抗氧化能力、清除羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)的能力进行检测分析。【结果】3个猕猴桃品种果实总酚和类黄酮含量在果实生长发育过程中大体呈现由高到低的变化趋势;但不同品种其含量差异显著,尤其'赣猕6号’总酚含量高于其他两个品种十几倍。对抗氧化活性检测发现',赣猕6号’比其他两个品种具有较强的FRAP抗氧化能力和清除超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)能力。相关性分析显示',赣猕6号’清除·OH和·O2-能力与总酚、类黄酮含量存在极显著或显著相关性',金魁’FRAP抗氧化能力与总酚、类黄酮含量存在极显著和显著相关性,而'红阳’FRAP抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·能力分别与总酚、类黄酮含量存在显著和极显著相关性。【结论】猕猴桃果实含有丰富的酚类物质,随着果实的生长发育呈现逐渐降低的趋势。猕猴桃抗氧化能力与总酚、类黄酮含量呈显著正相关。毛花猕猴桃'赣猕6号’比美味猕猴桃'金魁’和中华猕猴桃'红阳’具有更高含量的酚类物质和更强的抗氧化能力。本试验为猕猴桃优良品种的推广、野生资源发掘、新品种选育、天然抗氧化保健药物以及功能性食品的开发奠定了基础。

铜钹山自然保护区珍稀濒危保护植物研究

调查表明铜钹山国家级自然保护区共有珍稀濒危保护植物142种,隶属于47科95属,其中国家重点保护野生植物有17种,IUCN红色名录物种共有14种,中国物种红色名录物种(CSRL)有79种,CITES名录附录Ⅱ物种有42种,江西省重点保护野生植物110种。分析保护区珍稀濒危保护植物区系特征,指出珍稀濒危保护植物面临主要威胁是人为破坏,针对所受威胁提出保护建议。

涝害对烤烟光合特性的影响

在烤烟生产过程中，水分胁迫引起光合作用受阻，导致产量和品质下降。开展烤烟不同生育期不同涝害时间对光合特性的研究，对指导烤烟大田生产有重要意义。试验设置团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期3个生育期进行涝害处理，涝害时间为24，48，72，120 h。每个生育期处理完毕，用Li-COR6400光合作用仪测定光合指标。结果表明：随受涝时间增加，团棵期、旺长期、现蕾期的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度、叶片温度等指标显著降低，受涝72 h，3个生育期净光合速率分别下降79％、67％、83％；受涝120 h，3个生育期净光合速率分别下降98％、99％、98％，受涝24 h，团棵期蒸腾速率下降21％，到了现蕾期就下降了58％；受涝120 h，旺长期和现蕾期分别为99％、98％。受涝24 h，3个生育期气孔导度分别下降32％、53％、65％，受涝48～72 h，气孔导度下降60％以上80％以下，受涝120 h，气孔导度几乎全100％下降。受涝120 h和各生育期胞间CO2浓度下降到最低点。受涝120 h，团棵期叶温下降了3．63℃、旺长期下降了3．71℃、现蕾期下降了3．15℃。

我国极小种群野生植物长序榆(Ulmus elongate)的分布格局和群落调查

长序榆(Ulmus elongate),隶属于榆科(Ulmaceae)榆属(Ulmus),为我国Ⅱ级重点保护植物,是我国极小种群野生植物之一。本文通过对馆藏标本以及文献资料的整理,掌握长序榆在我国的基本分布情况;基于实地考察,分析长序榆的群落特征以及生态因子对其生长的影响。结果显示:1)长序榆主要分布在我国华东亚热带中、低海拔地区;2)该植物的采集标本较少,某些地区有文献记载而无标本采集记录;3)长序榆天然更新困难,生存环境脆弱。最后,结合标本和文献信息,绘制了该物种的分布图,并对其分布格局以及群落调查结果进行了讨论。

Pollution hazards of heavy metals in sewage sludge from four wastewater treatment plants in Nanchang, China

The pollution hazards of heavy metals were investigated in sewage sludge collected from four wastewater treatment plantsin Nanchang City,China,including Honggutan(HGT),Chaoyang(CY),Qingshanhu(QSH)and Xianghu(XH).Contamination/riskcharacteristics of heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr and Ni)were evaluated based on their leachable content,total content andchemical speciation.The sewage sludge from QSH contained higher total contents of heavy metals(except Pb)than those from HGT,XH and CY.The total contents of Cd and Ni were mostly beyond standard.Cu,Cr and Pb were predominantly present in potentialeffect and stable fractions.Zn and Ni showed higher bioavailability.Cd presented roughly uniform distribution into four fractions.The leaching contents of heavy metals almost exceeded the threshold values,especially for Zn and Ni.The potential ecological riskindexes of heavy metals in sewage sludge were4263.34?7480.26,indicating very high risks.Cd contamination is the major concern.

Vacuum diffusion bonding of Ti_(2)AlNb alloy and TC4 alloy

The Ti_(2)AlNb alloy was joined with TC4 alloy by vacuum diffusion bonding.The relationship between bonding parameters,and joint microstructure and shear strength was investigated.The results indicated that the diffusion of Al,Ti,Nb and V elements across bonding interface led to the formation of three reaction layers:B2/βlayer andα2 layer on the TC4 side,andα2+B2/βlayer on the Ti_(2)AlNb side.The bonding temperature determined the atomic activity,thus controlling the growth of reaction layers and influencing the shear strength of the joint.When the Ti_(2)AlNb alloy and TC4 alloy were bonded at 950℃for 30 min under 10 MPa,the shear strength of the joint reached the maximum of 467 MPa.The analysis on the fracture morphology showed that the fracture occurred within the B2/βlayer and the fracture model was ductile rupture.Meanwhile,the formation mechanism of the Ti_(2)AlNb/TC4 joint was discussed in depth.

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Test in vitro of Aeromonas from Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker

[Objective] The aim was to quickly find high free drugs to prevent Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker from dying. [Method] The conventional biochemical methods and molecular biological identification method was used to do the isolation and identification of bacteria from H. maculates, and agar diffusion method was used for the susceptibility test and in vitro becteriostasis experiment. The toxins were detected using the plate method, and the intraperitoneal injection method was used to do animal experiments. [Result] Twelve strains of isolated bacteria were obtained, which could uniformly decompose glucose, maltose, but were unable to break down lactose, and they could reduce the nitrate, and were negative in hydrogen sulfide and indole. A clear band was found in 685 bp of the isolated bacteria. And the isolated bacterial all generated hemolysins. Some strains produced protease. The isolated bacterial were resistant to penicillin G, amoxicillin, but sensitive to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and could be inhibited by the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. All experimental animals died within 12 hours. [Conclusion] The 12 isolates were Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila, respectively, and the deaths of H. maculates were caused by the mixed infection of Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila. The first choice drug for the treatment was ciprefloxacin, and Bacillus amyloliquefeciens could be used as the drug for ecological prevention and control.

Research of Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cu and Pb in Typical Paddy Soils in Jiangxi Province

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cu and Pb in typical paddy soils in Jiangxi Province. [Method] Two kinds of typical paddy soils （Gley type, Waterloggogenic type） in Jiangxi Province were chosen as test materials. The single and competitive adsorption behaviors of Cu and Pb in paddy soils were investigated with batch equilibrium method, and the environmental risk under coexistence of Cu and Pb in these soils was estimated with distribution coefficient. The results showed that under equal proportion, the adsorption affinity of Pb was greater than that of Cu in the two paddy soils, and the adsorption capacities in waterloggogenic paddy soil （WPS） were significantly higher than those in gley paddy soil （GTPS）, but the desorption capacities of Cu were greater than those of Pb in the two paddy soils, and the desorption capacities in GTPS were significantly higher than those in the WPS. The adsorption capacities of Cu and Pb ions under competitive condition were obviously lower than those in single system, while the desorption rates significantly increased. The potential environmental risk of Cu pollution was greater than that of Pb in paddy soils, and their environmental risk decreased with the increase of pH, but increased significantly under coexistence of lead and copper. [Conclusion] This research suggests that when Cu and Pb ions coexist in the paddy soils, compared with lead pollution, we should pay attention to the pollution of Cu.

Bifurcus,a new leafhopper genus of the Alebroides group(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Typhlocybinae)from China

Bifurcus flavidus gen.et sp.nov.is described based on specimens from Yunnan,China.Habitus photos and illustrations of the male genitalia of this new species are given and differences between the new genus with closely related genera are discussed.

酵母双杂交筛选与胞内劳森菌LI0902互作宿主蛋白

为了鉴定胞内劳森菌(Lawsonia intercellularis,LI)外膜蛋白LI0902在细菌感染中的作用,本试验以胞内劳森菌疫苗DNA为模板,设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,并成功构建诱饵表达载体pGBKT7-LI0902。将通过菌落PCR和测序验证的质粒转化酵母菌株Y2H Gold后,发现LI0902能在酵母细胞中正确表达,对酵母细胞无毒性,且无自激活活性。将含有pGBKT7-LI0902的酵母菌株Y2H Gold与猪肠上皮细胞系IPEC-1 cDNA文库菌株Y187进行杂交,筛选、验证、测序后得到3个与LI0902相互作用的宿主蛋白。本试验研究了胞内劳森菌与猪肠上皮细胞相互作用,为揭示增生性肠炎的致病机理提供了线索。

Comprehensive Evaluation of Farm Household Livelihood Assets in a Western Mountainous Area of China: A Case Study in Zunyi City

As the foundation of farm household structure,livelihood asset status is the basis for farmers to gain opportunities,adopt livelihood strategies,resist livelihood risk,and engage in positive livelihood achievements.Quantifying farm household assets identifies future development trends that are fundamentally necessary to predict farm household vulnerability and strategy,as well as understanding farmers’current living situations.Using Zunyi City in China’s western mountainous area as a case study,we conducted stratified sampling and participatory rural investigation appraisal to collect data on the attributes of farm households’livelihood assets and livelihood strategies to establish an index evaluation system and enable evaluation and analysis of farm households with different livelihood strategies.Our research indicates that due to structural differences,total livelihood assets of farm households with different livelihood strategies are similar.Rural households have an abundance of natural and material assets and deficiencies in human,financial and social assets.Non-rural households and part-time households are abundant in human,financial and social assets and deficient in natural and material assets.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Cultivated Land Security and Its Drivers:The Case of Yingtan City,China

Maintaining an adequate security level of cultivated land is essential for the healthy and sustainable survival of China’s large and growing population.We constructed a cultivated land security evaluation index system,combined with an improved TOPSIS method by taking into account the balance and stability of quantitative,qualitative,and ecological security.We applied this improved method to an evaluation of the state of cultivated land security and analyzed its spatiotemporal variation in Yingtan City(Jiangxi Province,China)from 1995 to 2015.The drivers of the changes in cultivated land security were investigated via a spatial regression model,which can eliminate the effect of spatial autocorrelation.The results showed that cultivated land security decreased rapidly from 1995 to 2005,although it tended to rise slowly in the subsequent period from 2005 to 2015.Areas deemed to be in a highly dangerous state were mainly distributed in the Yuehu District,while those that were secure appeared primarily in the southern mountainous area,with the area in a generally dangerous state extending to the west in the same direction as urban development.Among the examined drivers,social-economic factors and policy factors significantly influenced the cultivated land security.Our work suggests that government managers should take appropriate measures to improve cultivated land security according to its spatiotemporal variations and the underpinning drivers in this region.