Mental health problems due to community violence exposure in a small urban setting

Objective:Studies conducted in large metropolitan inner-city communities with high violent crime rates have demonstrated an association between exposure to violence and mental health problems;therefore the purpose of this study was to determine if similar trends exist in smaller inner-city communities with substantially lower violent crime rates.Methods:One hundred twenty-six children and young adults living in inner-city Omaha,Nebraska,were screened for posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),depression,and anxiety symptoms and assessed for community violence exposure(CVE).Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance were used to determine the relationship between PTSD,depression,and anxiety symptoms and CVE.Results:A statistically significant relationship was found between CVE and PTSD and anxiety symptoms among participants despite their having lower rates of exposure to violent events in com-parison with other studies.No association was found between violence and depression symptoms.Additionally,the presence of anxiety and depression,as well as increased age of participants,was associated with higher rates of PTSD symptoms.Conclusion:We recommend that health care providers in smaller cities,where the effects of violent crime may be underestimated or overlooked,be informed of the existence of this pub-lic health problem within their community and that they screen at-risk patients for mental health problems.

DISTRIBUTION AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) IN SIGNET RING CELLS OF GASTRIC CANCER

The distribution and ultrastructural localization of CEA in signet-ring cells of 15 gastric cancer specimens were observed by PAP and immunoelectron microscopic methods. The mechanism of abnormal distribution of CEA in the signet-ring cell and its biological significance are discussed. The results showed that the CEA positive rate in signet-ring cells was 100% with the polarity lost in distribution. Under the light microscope, the CEA stain patterns were of two types: cytoplasmic and membranous types. The former was predominant. Under the electron microscope, most of the CEA was distributed on the cell membrane and cytoplasm. CEA was found in intracellular membranous structure of the cancer cells, especially in protein synthesis and transport organellae (RER, Golgi Complex etc.). The synthesis of CEA in cancer cells increased, yet its elimination was somewhat hampered. The result was that the RER became extended and were full of CEA (+) material. In the free signet-ring cell, there was a small and short contact plane. The tight junction was severed as the cell junction reduced. The antigenic determinant of CEA was glycoprotein. The abnormal distribution of CEA in signet-ring cells might be the morphologic reflection of the glycosylation of surface glycoprotein of tumor cells.

New low noise interface circuit for detecting weak current of micro-sensors

A new low noise interface circuit for detecting weak current of micro-sensors is designed.By using the transimpedance amplifier to substitute the charge amplifier,the closed-loop circuit can avoid the phase error of the charge amplifier.Therefore,the phase compensation devices will be cancelled,because there is no phase transformation through the transimpedance amplifier.As well as,by using CCCII devices to implement the high value feedback resistor of the impedance amplifier,the noise of the I-V transformation devices is reduced,comparing with the passive resistor.The floating resistor is easy to be integrated into chips,making the integration of the interface circuit of the intelligent sensors increase.Through the simulation,the phase error of the charge amplifier is almost 9°at 2 kHz and it changes with the working frequency of the micro-sensors making the phase compensation not easy.The value of the floating resistor is 250 kΩ where the bias current is 50 μA.The noise of the active resistor is 0.037 fV2/Hz,comparing with the noise of the passive resistor,which is 4.14 fV2/Hz.

RAY-TRACING STUDY OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING WITH MULTI-REFLECTION AND MODE CONVERSION

Some electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) experiments carried out in small devices (here we define a device with optical thickness of plasma less than one unit as a small device) showed that the energy absorption estimated by the optical

GROWTH OF CRACKS

It is important to study the crack growth mechanism, because it effectively demonstrates the dynamic process during the fracturing of materials. We used an ultra-small testing machine and chose a piece of plane glass of 48×28×1 mm3 in size as an experimental sample. A small pre-crack 2 a0, less than 5 mm long, was created in the

FROM RAGS TO RICHES

‘This pullover is made from lO0-percent pure cotton. It is stretchy and comfortable for kids, and is also the latest style this autumn,”said Pu Xinquan,Managing Director of the King Boy ＆ King Girl Clothes Co., while introducing a yellow children＇s hoodie to a customer on August 22 at one of his stores in Zhili, a small town in east China＇s Zhejiang Province.

OXIDATION BEHAVIOURS OF POLYPROPYLENE IN PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION It is well known that polypropylene (PP) produced by the Zeigler-Natla catalyst contains a small amount of hydrogen chloride (HCI). We have shown that hydrogen chloride at such a low concentration could accelerate the oxidation of PP and destroy the antioxidants and light stabilizers in the commercial product with the decrease of the ageing-resistance prokpertiew. Furthermore, HCI could catalyze and inhibit the thermal oxidation of PP. This duality is known to the hydrogen bromide-polyethylene system, but has not hitherto been reported for the hydrogen chloride-PP system.

X-RAY MICROANALYSIS OF ELEMENTS IN THE CHORION OF Philosamia cynthia ricini

After the yolk is deposited in the oocyte, follicle cells secret a layer of vitelline membrane around an oocyte. Then the chorionins(egg-shell proteins)are synthesized and secreted by follicle cells and deposited on the surface of the oocyte. Later on the chorion (egg-shell) is formed through condensation and solidification processes of chorionins. The chorion of each species has its own characterictically layered architecture, biochemical and biophysical properties. The chorion mainly consists of chorionins. It also has a small amount of several elements, some of which may play an important role