In this paper the following information interpretation of uncertainty relation is proposed: if one bit of information was extracted from the system as a result of the measurement process, then the measurement itself a...In this paper the following information interpretation of uncertainty relation is proposed: if one bit of information was extracted from the system as a result of the measurement process, then the measurement itself adds an additional uncertainty (chaos) into the system equaled to one bit. This formulation is developed by calculating of the Shannon information entropy for the classical N-slit interference experiment. This approach allows looking differently at several quantum phenomena. Particularly, the information interpretation is used for explanation of entangled photons diffraction picture compression.展开更多
Background: Postburn dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contracture is one of the most common complications of hand burns which restricts finger motion and presents a serious cosmetic defect. Many techniques a...Background: Postburn dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contracture is one of the most common complications of hand burns which restricts finger motion and presents a serious cosmetic defect. Many techniques and flaps have been suggested, and research continues for more effective techniques as the problem has not been solved. Methods: Anatomy of scar interdigital commissural contractures was studied in 760 operated patients aiming to develop a new, more effective surgical technique. Results: There are two anatomic types of scar commissural contractures: edge and total. Dorsal and palmar commissural contractures are identified as the edge type and are caused by the fold located along interdigital fossa’s edge. In the fold, the lateral sheet is scars, and the medial sheet and adjacent interdigital fossa are healthy skin. Total commissural contracture is characterized by interdigital fossa obliteration and phalanges’ fusion. Scar sheets have a trapeze-shaped surface deficiency (contracture cause), which spreads from the fold’s crest to metacarpophalangeal joints. The surgical technique consists of scar surface deficiency compensation and commissural groove and slant restoration which can be optimally achieved with the trapezoid adipose-cutaneous flap. The best donor site is interdigital fossa. The small skin grafts on the lateral surface of proximal phalanges did not present a cosmetic defect. Conclusion: Dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contractures are of an edge type and can be successfully reconstructed with trapeze-flap plasty.展开更多
Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease whose early detection remains difficult. There is no 100% reliable imaging test to diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer. We assessed the surgical value of contras...Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease whose early detection remains difficult. There is no 100% reliable imaging test to diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer. We assessed the surgical value of contrast- enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability and survival rates of patients who had pancreatic head cancer. Methods: Eighty- nine patients who had pancreatic head cancer were investigated with spiral CT. Based on the preoperative CT results, we assigned patients to one of three CT groups based on resectability. Results: A correlation between classification of CT resectability and intraoperative finding was found in 83% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of spiral CT in identifying predictive unresectability were 79% , 82% , 91% , 62% , and 81% , respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CT in diagnosis of vascular invasion were 94% , 84.2% , 94% , 84% , and 91.3% , respectively. Conclusions: The use of CT in the evaluation of pancreatic tumors provides valuable preoperative assessment of surgical resectability and should be performed for clinical examination. Classifying pa.tients by tumor resectability on CT helps to estimate more precisely the tumor stage and to prognosticate survival rates of these patients.展开更多
文摘In this paper the following information interpretation of uncertainty relation is proposed: if one bit of information was extracted from the system as a result of the measurement process, then the measurement itself adds an additional uncertainty (chaos) into the system equaled to one bit. This formulation is developed by calculating of the Shannon information entropy for the classical N-slit interference experiment. This approach allows looking differently at several quantum phenomena. Particularly, the information interpretation is used for explanation of entangled photons diffraction picture compression.
文摘Background: Postburn dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contracture is one of the most common complications of hand burns which restricts finger motion and presents a serious cosmetic defect. Many techniques and flaps have been suggested, and research continues for more effective techniques as the problem has not been solved. Methods: Anatomy of scar interdigital commissural contractures was studied in 760 operated patients aiming to develop a new, more effective surgical technique. Results: There are two anatomic types of scar commissural contractures: edge and total. Dorsal and palmar commissural contractures are identified as the edge type and are caused by the fold located along interdigital fossa’s edge. In the fold, the lateral sheet is scars, and the medial sheet and adjacent interdigital fossa are healthy skin. Total commissural contracture is characterized by interdigital fossa obliteration and phalanges’ fusion. Scar sheets have a trapeze-shaped surface deficiency (contracture cause), which spreads from the fold’s crest to metacarpophalangeal joints. The surgical technique consists of scar surface deficiency compensation and commissural groove and slant restoration which can be optimally achieved with the trapezoid adipose-cutaneous flap. The best donor site is interdigital fossa. The small skin grafts on the lateral surface of proximal phalanges did not present a cosmetic defect. Conclusion: Dorsal and palmar interdigital commissural contractures are of an edge type and can be successfully reconstructed with trapeze-flap plasty.
文摘Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease whose early detection remains difficult. There is no 100% reliable imaging test to diagnose and stage pancreatic cancer. We assessed the surgical value of contrast- enhanced spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability and survival rates of patients who had pancreatic head cancer. Methods: Eighty- nine patients who had pancreatic head cancer were investigated with spiral CT. Based on the preoperative CT results, we assigned patients to one of three CT groups based on resectability. Results: A correlation between classification of CT resectability and intraoperative finding was found in 83% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of spiral CT in identifying predictive unresectability were 79% , 82% , 91% , 62% , and 81% , respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of CT in diagnosis of vascular invasion were 94% , 84.2% , 94% , 84% , and 91.3% , respectively. Conclusions: The use of CT in the evaluation of pancreatic tumors provides valuable preoperative assessment of surgical resectability and should be performed for clinical examination. Classifying pa.tients by tumor resectability on CT helps to estimate more precisely the tumor stage and to prognosticate survival rates of these patients.
