Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management....Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management. Tool development in this regard will help researchers quickly identify variety information. This study photographed apricot fruits outdoors and indoors and constructed a dataset that can precisely classify the fruits using a U-net model (F-score:99%), which helps to obtain the fruit's size, shape, and color features. Meanwhile, a variety search engine was constructed, which can search and identify variety from the database according to the above features. Besides, a mobile and web application (ApricotView) was developed, and the construction mode can be also applied to other varieties of fruit trees.Additionally, we have collected four difficult-to-identify seed datasets and used the VGG16 model for training, with an accuracy of 97%, which provided an important basis for ApricotView. To address the difficulties in data collection bottlenecking apricot phenomics research, we developed the first apricot database platform of its kind (ApricotDIAP, http://apricotdiap.com/) to accumulate, manage, and publicize scientific data of apricot.展开更多
Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to ...Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to carbadox.The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18.Results Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic.The relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q<0.2 and fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 PI.Conclusions The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is needed.However,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.展开更多
Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quali...Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of products.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat.Oxidative stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer acceptance.For the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were assessed.Results:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight loss.The meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control meat.No effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was observed.Dietary MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol content.The catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control group.The MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated storage.Instead,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked pork.Last,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of incubation.Conclusions:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw meat.This effect was combined with an increased catalase concentration.These results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork.展开更多
A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service（NMDIS）.It produces a dataset package called CORA （China oc...A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service（NMDIS）.It produces a dataset package called CORA （China ocean reanalysis）.The regional ocean model used is based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a generalized coordinate system（POMgcs）.The model is parallelized by NMDIS with the addition of the wave breaking and tidal mixing processes into model parameterizations.Data assimilation is a sequential three-dimensional variational（3D-Var） scheme implemented within a multigrid framework.Observations include satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature（SST）,altimetry sea level anomaly（SLA）,and temperature/salinity profiles.The reanalysis fields of sea surface height,temperature,salinity,and currents begin with January 1986 and are currently updated every year. Error statistics and error distributions of temperature,salinity and currents are presented as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis fields using sea level data from tidal gauges,temperature profiles,as well as the trajectories of Argo floats.Some case studies offer the opportunity to verify the evolution of certain local circulations.These evaluations show that the reanalysis data produced provide a good representation of the ocean processes and phenomena in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a recently developed device that applies kneading-like motion on the abdomen in improving constipation in elderly long-term care patients. METHODS: Thirty constipated elderly patients ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a recently developed device that applies kneading-like motion on the abdomen in improving constipation in elderly long-term care patients. METHODS: Thirty constipated elderly patients were randomly selected from two nursing homes. They were instructed to use the device once daily for 20 min. Rate of bowel movements, volume and consistency of stool and the use of laxantia were all recorded during a 3-wk baseline period and for 12-wk treatment period. Colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in 13 patients by radiopaque markers during the baseline and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Bowel movement rate (BM/week) increased from 1.4±0.4 BM/wk during baseline to 3.9±0.8 BM/wk during treatment (P<5.0×10-7). Stool amount that was 'low' in 30 patients during baseline increased in 21 patients at the end of the study period (x2 = 19.048-P= 1.3×10-5). Stool consistency,that was 'hard' in 25 patients and 'soft' in 5 patients during baseline, ameliorated in 23 patients at the end of the study (only 2 patients referred 'hard' stool) (x2 = 21.043-P= 4.0×10-6). The mean baseline CTT measured was 92.3±32.3 h at baseline and decreased to 49.4±31.3 h during the study period (P = 0.000208). No side effects were observed during the study period. CONCLUSION: External mechanical vibration of the abdomen reduced CTT and helped to relieve severe constipation in elderly constipated patients.展开更多
After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively sho...After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chinese telecom market.展开更多
Increased physical activity and higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) have been independently associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their association has not been investigated with ...Increased physical activity and higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) have been independently associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their association has not been investigated with the use of biomarkers. This study examines whether, among cognitively normal (NL) individuals, those who are less physically active and show lower MeDi adherence have brain biomarker abnormalities consistent with AD. Methods: Forty-five NL individuals (age 54 ± 11, 71% women) with complete leisure time physical activity (LTA), dietary information, and cross-sectional 3D T1-weigthed MRI, 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were examined. Voxel-wise multivariate partial least square (PLS) regression was used to examine the effects of LTA, MeDi and their interaction on brain biomarkers. Age, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, BMI, family history of AD, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, presence of hypertension and insulin resistance were examined as confounds. Subjects were dichotomized into more and less physically active (LTA+ vs. LTA-;n = 21 vs. 24), and into higher vs. lower MeDi adherence groups (n = 18 vs. 27) using published scoring methods. Spatial patterns of brain biomarkers that represented the optimal association between the images and the groups were generated for all modalities using voxel-wise multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Results: Groups were comparable for clinical and neuropsychological measures. Independent effects of LTA and MeDi factors were observed in AD-vulnerable brain regions for all modalities (p β load and lower glucose metabolism) were observed in LTA- compared to LTA+ subjects, and in MeDi- as compared to MeDi+ subjects. A gradient effect was observed for all modalities so that LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the highest and LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the lowest AD-burden (p < 0.001), although the LTA × MeDi interaction was significant only for FDG measures (p < 0.03). Adjusting for covariates did not attenuate these relationships. Conclusion: Lower physical activity and MeDi adherence were associated with increased brain AD-burden among NL individuals, in-dicating that lifestyle factors may modulate AD risk. Studies with larger samples and longitudinal evaluations are needed to determine the predictive power of the observed associations.展开更多
Urethane modified bismaleimide(UBMI)was synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride(MA)with NCO group terminated polyurethane prepolymer(PUP)in presence of acetone.The product was determined by infrared analysis. ...Urethane modified bismaleimide(UBMI)was synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride(MA)with NCO group terminated polyurethane prepolymer(PUP)in presence of acetone.The product was determined by infrared analysis. Then ultrasonic assistant process was introduced into the solvent removal of the prepolymer mixture of UBMI and PUP. Polyurethane-imide(PUI)elastomer was synthesized from the above PUP-UBMI prepolymer mixture by the infusion technology with 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane(B25)as l...展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (Grant No.CAFYBB2020ZY003)the Key S&T Project of Inner Mongolia (Grant No.2021ZD0041-001-002)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No.11024316000202300001)。
文摘Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management. Tool development in this regard will help researchers quickly identify variety information. This study photographed apricot fruits outdoors and indoors and constructed a dataset that can precisely classify the fruits using a U-net model (F-score:99%), which helps to obtain the fruit's size, shape, and color features. Meanwhile, a variety search engine was constructed, which can search and identify variety from the database according to the above features. Besides, a mobile and web application (ApricotView) was developed, and the construction mode can be also applied to other varieties of fruit trees.Additionally, we have collected four difficult-to-identify seed datasets and used the VGG16 model for training, with an accuracy of 97%, which provided an important basis for ApricotView. To address the difficulties in data collection bottlenecking apricot phenomics research, we developed the first apricot database platform of its kind (ApricotDIAP, http://apricotdiap.com/) to accumulate, manage, and publicize scientific data of apricot.
基金supported by Pancosma SA,Geneva,Switzerland,Jastro & Shields Graduate Research Awardthe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA),multistate projects W4002 and NC1202
文摘Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to carbadox.The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC F18.Results Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic.The relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q<0.2 and fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 PI.Conclusions The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is needed.However,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.
基金the University of Catania,Department of Agriculture,Food and Environment(project“QUALIGEN”Linea 2–Piano di Incentivi per la Ricerca di Ateneo 2020/2022+1 种基金principal investigator:G.Luciano)A.Natalello benefits from PON“RICERCA E INNOVAZIONE”2014–2020 research contract(Azione IV.6—CUP E61B21004280005)Ministero dell’Universitàe della Ricerca。
文摘Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial activities.Its properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of products.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat.Oxidative stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer acceptance.For the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were assessed.Results:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight loss.The meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control meat.No effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was observed.Dietary MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol content.The catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control group.The MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated storage.Instead,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked pork.Last,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of incubation.Conclusions:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw meat.This effect was combined with an increased catalase concentration.These results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork.
基金Supported by the national natural science foundation of China(30271012,30300265),the research fund for the doctoral programof higher education(20040269011),The programof Shanghai subject chief scientist(05xd4005)andthe Qinhuang-dao godensea foodindustry of Yihai group.
文摘A regional ocean reanalysis system for the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas has been developed by the National Marine Data and Information Service（NMDIS）.It produces a dataset package called CORA （China ocean reanalysis）.The regional ocean model used is based on the Princeton Ocean Model with a generalized coordinate system（POMgcs）.The model is parallelized by NMDIS with the addition of the wave breaking and tidal mixing processes into model parameterizations.Data assimilation is a sequential three-dimensional variational（3D-Var） scheme implemented within a multigrid framework.Observations include satellite remote sensing sea surface temperature（SST）,altimetry sea level anomaly（SLA）,and temperature/salinity profiles.The reanalysis fields of sea surface height,temperature,salinity,and currents begin with January 1986 and are currently updated every year. Error statistics and error distributions of temperature,salinity and currents are presented as a primary evaluation of the reanalysis fields using sea level data from tidal gauges,temperature profiles,as well as the trajectories of Argo floats.Some case studies offer the opportunity to verify the evolution of certain local circulations.These evaluations show that the reanalysis data produced provide a good representation of the ocean processes and phenomena in the coastal waters of China and adjacent seas.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a recently developed device that applies kneading-like motion on the abdomen in improving constipation in elderly long-term care patients. METHODS: Thirty constipated elderly patients were randomly selected from two nursing homes. They were instructed to use the device once daily for 20 min. Rate of bowel movements, volume and consistency of stool and the use of laxantia were all recorded during a 3-wk baseline period and for 12-wk treatment period. Colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in 13 patients by radiopaque markers during the baseline and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Bowel movement rate (BM/week) increased from 1.4±0.4 BM/wk during baseline to 3.9±0.8 BM/wk during treatment (P<5.0×10-7). Stool amount that was 'low' in 30 patients during baseline increased in 21 patients at the end of the study period (x2 = 19.048-P= 1.3×10-5). Stool consistency,that was 'hard' in 25 patients and 'soft' in 5 patients during baseline, ameliorated in 23 patients at the end of the study (only 2 patients referred 'hard' stool) (x2 = 21.043-P= 4.0×10-6). The mean baseline CTT measured was 92.3±32.3 h at baseline and decreased to 49.4±31.3 h during the study period (P = 0.000208). No side effects were observed during the study period. CONCLUSION: External mechanical vibration of the abdomen reduced CTT and helped to relieve severe constipation in elderly constipated patients.
文摘After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chinese telecom market.
文摘Increased physical activity and higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet (MeDi) have been independently associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their association has not been investigated with the use of biomarkers. This study examines whether, among cognitively normal (NL) individuals, those who are less physically active and show lower MeDi adherence have brain biomarker abnormalities consistent with AD. Methods: Forty-five NL individuals (age 54 ± 11, 71% women) with complete leisure time physical activity (LTA), dietary information, and cross-sectional 3D T1-weigthed MRI, 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were examined. Voxel-wise multivariate partial least square (PLS) regression was used to examine the effects of LTA, MeDi and their interaction on brain biomarkers. Age, gender, ethnicity, education, caloric intake, BMI, family history of AD, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, presence of hypertension and insulin resistance were examined as confounds. Subjects were dichotomized into more and less physically active (LTA+ vs. LTA-;n = 21 vs. 24), and into higher vs. lower MeDi adherence groups (n = 18 vs. 27) using published scoring methods. Spatial patterns of brain biomarkers that represented the optimal association between the images and the groups were generated for all modalities using voxel-wise multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Results: Groups were comparable for clinical and neuropsychological measures. Independent effects of LTA and MeDi factors were observed in AD-vulnerable brain regions for all modalities (p β load and lower glucose metabolism) were observed in LTA- compared to LTA+ subjects, and in MeDi- as compared to MeDi+ subjects. A gradient effect was observed for all modalities so that LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the highest and LTA+/MeDi+ subjects had the lowest AD-burden (p < 0.001), although the LTA × MeDi interaction was significant only for FDG measures (p < 0.03). Adjusting for covariates did not attenuate these relationships. Conclusion: Lower physical activity and MeDi adherence were associated with increased brain AD-burden among NL individuals, in-dicating that lifestyle factors may modulate AD risk. Studies with larger samples and longitudinal evaluations are needed to determine the predictive power of the observed associations.
基金This work was supported by the opening fund of state key laboratory of heavy oil,University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2006-01)the China postdoctotral science foundation(No.20070410370).
文摘Urethane modified bismaleimide(UBMI)was synthesized by the reaction of maleic anhydride(MA)with NCO group terminated polyurethane prepolymer(PUP)in presence of acetone.The product was determined by infrared analysis. Then ultrasonic assistant process was introduced into the solvent removal of the prepolymer mixture of UBMI and PUP. Polyurethane-imide(PUI)elastomer was synthesized from the above PUP-UBMI prepolymer mixture by the infusion technology with 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane(B25)as l...
