Effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibration treatments on evolution of Mn-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys

Effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and mechanical vibration(MV)on the Mn-rich phase modification and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys were investigated.The results show that the UV and UV+MV treatments can significantly refine and fragmentize the microstructures.In addition,UV treatment can significantly passivate the primary Mn-rich Al15Mn3Si2 intermetallics.The formation mechanisms of refinement and passivation of the grains and non-dendrite particles were discussed.Compared with the gravity die-cast alloys,the UV and UV+MV treated alloys exhibit improved tensile and creep resistance at room and elevated temperatures.These results can be attributed to the refinement of theα(Al)grains and the secondary intermetallics,the increased proportion of refined heat-resistant precipitates,and the formation of nano-sized Si particles.The ultimate tensile strength of the UV treated alloys at 350℃ exceeds that of commercial piston alloys.This indicates the high application potential of the developed piston alloys in density diesel engines.

Predicting grain size-dependent superplastic properties in friction stir processed ZK30 magnesium alloy with machine learning methods

The aim of this work is to predict,for the first time,the high temperature flow stress dependency with the grain size and the underlaid deformation mechanism using two machine learning models,random forest(RF)and artificial neural network(ANN).With that purpose,a ZK30 magnesium alloy was friction stir processed(FSP)using three different severe conditions to obtain fine grain microstructures(with average grain sizes between 2 and 3μm)prone to extensive superplastic response.The three friction stir processed samples clearly deformed by grain boundary sliding(GBS)deformation mechanism at high temperatures.The maximum elongations to failure,well over 400% at high strain rate of 10^(-2)s^(-1),were reached at 400℃ in the material with coarsest grain size of 2.8μm,and at 300℃ for the finest grain size of 2μm.Nevertheless,the superplastic response decreased at 350℃ and 400℃ due to thermal instabilities and grain coarsening,which makes it difficult to assess the operative deformation mechanism at such temperatures.This work highlights that the machine learning models considered,especially the ANN model with higher accuracy in predicting flow stress values,allow determining adequately the superplastic creep behavior including other possible grain size scenarios.

物理冶金信息指导机器学习的镍基单晶高温合金蠕变寿命预测

蠕变寿命是影响镍基单晶高温合金材料服役寿命和力学性能的关键材料参数。因此,如何准确有效地预测合金的蠕变寿命具有重要现实意义。尽管多年来许多研究学者已经建立起多种蠕变寿命的预测模型,但是由于不同温度应力下的蠕变机制复杂且蠕变过程涉及长时间的显微组织演化,已有模型尚难以实现有效预测。对此,采用物理冶金原理指导下的数据挖掘结合机器学习这一研究策略,通过文献调研建立起了高温低应力下的镍基单晶合金的高质量蠕变数据集,在物理冶金原理指导下对原始数据进行挖掘,提高了原始数据的内在质量,并基于Pearson系数和随机森林平均精确度降低值分别对原始数据特征进行了相关性分析和重要性评估,表明所建立的数据集符合基本的物理冶金学机制,同时阐明了引入的三维物理冶金信息对于蠕变寿命预测的重要意义。随后,基于机器学习方法在数据挖掘后的数据集上对合金的蠕变寿命进行了预测,并根据平方相关系数(R~2)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和过拟合程度评估了不同的机器学习模型。结果表明,支持向量回归(SVR)模型在本研究中具有较好的泛化能力且不容易过拟合,同时结合了物理冶金信息的机器学习模型拥有更好的预测准确性和泛化能力。最终成功地建立起了高温低应力下镍基单晶高温合金成分、工艺以及引入的物理冶金参数和蠕变寿命之间的关系,能够实现对镍基单晶高温合金蠕变寿命的有效预测,并有望应用于基于合金服役条件的成分工艺的反向设计。

The effect of temperature on load partitioning evolution in magnesium metal matrix composite reinforced with Ti particles using in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments

The load partitioning between the magnesium and titanium phases in an extruded Mg-15%Ti(vol.%) composite from room temperature up to 300 ℃ using synchrotron radiation diffraction during in-situ compression tests. During compression, the magnesium matrix composite deforms mainly by the activation of the extension twinning system up to 200 ℃. The volume fraction of twins increases with the plastic strain but decrease with the compression temperature. Hard titanium particles bear an additional load transferred by the soft magnesium matrix from room temperature up to 300 ℃. This effect is amplified after yield stress during plastic deformation. Additionally, twins within magnesium grains behaves as an additional reinforcement at low temperature(below 200 ℃) inducing an increase in the work hardening of the composite.

高含沙水流用水轮机叶片表面热喷涂WC/Co涂层的性能

通过高速火焰喷涂技术(高速氧-燃气喷涂,HVOF)在水轮机叶片用06Cr13不锈钢表面喷涂WC/Co涂层。采用金相显微镜、硬度计、万能试验机分析了WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度;并在高含沙水流环境中通过冲蚀、汽蚀试验测试WC/Co涂层的耐冲蚀性能和耐汽蚀性能。结果表明:WC/Co涂层的孔隙率、显微硬度及其与基体的结合强度分别为0.68%、1211HV、70MPa;WC/Co涂层具有优良的耐冲蚀性能,冲蚀后其磨损量仅为06Cr13不锈钢基体的0.18倍;WC/Co涂层具有良好的致密度、结合力及强韧性,因此涂层也具有优良的耐汽蚀性能。

Prada2012年春夏男装新品发布秀场

2011年6月19日米兰时装周上新一季Prada春夏男装新品发布会成功举行Prada的秀场由AMO设计完成． Prada秀场的设计理念是把所有韵观众组台在一个“完美的区域”中．整个秀场呈网格状排布着1.5平方米左右的独立式蓝色泡沫块.这正是观众们的座位．

晚间对谈一

本场对谈以OMA的文化建筑实践活动作为主题,主要讨论OMA近期的研究、实践活动,以及威尼斯双年展的幕后故事。嘉宾们借助对谈展现了OMA作为世界上知名的研究实践型事务所对文化建筑的思考。Stephan Petermann提到,OMA在香港西九龙文化区规划项目中,对香港做了很多研究,包括香港的历史、城市的肌理、香港的文化等等,最终的规划设计是基于前期大量的研究资料形成的。

晃荡（英文）

本文列举了诸多工程领域中的液体共振运动现象,详细探讨了船舱中伴有剧烈流动的晃荡问题.描述了基于理论分析的非线性多模态方法,该方法便于波动稳定性分区、多分支解和物理稳定性的研究.强调了方形舱、垂向圆柱舱以及球形舱内伴有旋转和混沌(不规则波动)的三维流动的重要性.晃荡引起的砰击涉及到各种各样的内流条件,这些条件随液体深度与舱体长度之比而变化.针对棱柱状LNG舱,讨论了许多与流体力学和热力学参数、影响砰击载荷效应的水弹性以及模型实验缩尺比的物理现象.

High temperature mechanical behaviour of Mg-6Zn-1Y alloy with 1 wt.% calcium addition:Reinforcing effect due to I-(Mg3Zn6Yi)and Mg6Zn3Ca2 phases

The infiuence of small calcium additions on the high-temperature mechanical behaviour in an extruded Mg-6Zn-l Y(wt.%)alloy reinforced by the I-phase has been investigated.Calcium promotes the formation of the intermetallic Mg6Zn3Ca2 phase instead of 1-phase,which results in a noticeable improvement of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy above 100℃.The strength of the alloys was analysed taking into account the contribution due to the grain size,the crystallographic texture and the volume fraction and nature of second phase particles.In situ synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments have been used to evaluate the load partitioning between the magnesium matrix and the second phase particles(1-and MgeZgCa?phases)in both alloys.The load transfer from the magnesium matrix towards the MgeZihCa?phase is markedly more effective than that for the I-phase over the entire temperature range,especially at 200°C,temperature at which the reinforcement effect of the I-phase is null.

The relation between ductility at high temperature and solid solution in Mg alloys

This work investigates the effect of solid solution on ductility and on the activation of individual deformation mechanisms at moderate temperatures and at quasi-static strain rates in Mg-Zn and Mg-Al alloys. With that aim, four solid solution Mg-Zn and Mg-Al binary alloy ingots containing 1 and 2 wt.% solute atoms were subjected to hot rolling and subsequent annealing to generate polycrystals with similar average grain size and basal-type texture for each composition. The activity of the different slip systems after tensile testing at 150°C and at 250°C was evaluated in pure Mg and in the alloys by EBSD-assisted slip trace analysis. In addition, segregation of Zn and Al atoms at grain boundaries during the thermo-mechanical processing was characterized by HAADF-STEM and EDX. It was found that while the addition of Al and Zn atoms to pure Mg does not lead to major changes in the mechanical strength at the investigated temperatures, it does enhance ductility significantly, especially at 250℃. Our results show that this increase in ductility cannot be attributed to a higher activation of non-basal systems in the alloys, as reported earlier, as the incidence of non-basal systems is indeed considerably higher in pure Mg. This work suggests, on the contrary, that the ductility increase may be attributed to the presence of a more homogenous basal activity in the alloys due to a lower degree of orientation clustering, to grain boundary solute segregation, and to a higher slip diffusivity at grain interiors.

Personalized medicine in gastric cancer:Where are we andwhere are we going?

Despite improvements in adjuvant therapies for gastric cancer in recent years, the disease is characterized by high recurrence rates and a dismal prognosis. The major improvement in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer in recent years has been the incorporation of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) heterodimerization, after the demonstrated predictive value of the overexpression and/or amplification of this receptor. Beyond HER2, other genetic abnormalities have been identified, and these mutations may be targetable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. The demonstration of four distinct molecular subtypes of gastric cancer by the Cancer Genome Atlas study highlight the enormous heterogeneity of the disease and its complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations and provide a roadmap to implement genome-guided personalized therapy in gastric cancer. In the present review, we aim to discuss, from a clinical point of view, the genomic landscape of gastric cancer described in recent studies, the therapeutic insights derived from these findings, and the clinical trials that have been conducted and those in progress that take into account tailored therapies for gastric cancer.

Superplasticity of a friction stir processed overaged WE54 magnesium alloy

The coarse-grained WE54 magnesium alloy was heat treated in order to have minimum hardness minimizing the effects of precipitates and solid solution. Friction stir processing(FSP) was applied in severe conditions to obtain fine, equiaxed and highly misoriented grains, with grain sizes even less than 1 μm. The high severity of processing demonstrated to have a strong impact in the microstructure. Consequently,the processed materials exhibited excellent superplasticity at the high strain rate 10^(-2)s^(-1), and temperatures between 300 and 400 ℃. The maximum tensile superplastic elongation of 756% was achieved at 400 ℃ thanks to the operation of grain boundary sliding mechanism(GBS). Besides the new data obtained through tensile testing, the paper deals with a transcendental question regarding the large differences in strain rate values at a given stress in the superplastic regime at maximum elongation compared to other magnesium-based alloys. With this is mind, 19 magnesium alloys from 22 different investigations were analyzed to give some light to this behavior that never was treated before. It is proposed that this behavior has to be attributed to the accommodation process, necessary for GBS to occur, which is hindered by reinforcing solutes.

Wave and Current Effects on Floating Fish Farms

The paper is partly a review on hydrodynamic and structural aspects of fish farms. In addition, new numerical results are presented on the stochastic behavior of bending stresses in the floater of a realistic net cage in extreme wave conditions. The behavior of traditional-type fish farms with net cages and closed fish farms in waves and currents is discussed. Hydroelasticity can play a significant role for net cages and closed membrane-type fish farms. The many meshes in a net cage make CFD and complete structural modeling impracticable. As an example, a hydrodynamic screen model and structural truss elements are instead used to represent the hydrodynamic loading and the structural deformation of the net. In addition, the wake inside the net due to current plays an important role. The described simplified numerical method has been validated by comparing with model tests of mooring loads on a single net cage with two circular elastic floaters and bottom weight ring in waves and currents. It is discussed which parts of the complete system play the most important roles in accurately determining the mooring loads. Many realizations of a sea state are needed to obtain reliable estimates of extreme values in a stochastic sea. In reality, many net cages operate in close vicinity, which raises questions about spatial variations of the current and wave environment as well as hydrodynamic interaction between the net cages. Live fish touching the netting can have a non-negligible influence on the mooring loads. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations in waves and currents that a well boat at a net cage can have a significant influence on the mooring loads and the bending stresses in the floater. The latter results provide a rational way to obtain operational limits for a well boat at a fish farm. Sloshing has to be accounted for in describing the behavior of a closed fish farm when important wave frequencies are in the vicinity of natural sloshing frequencies. The structural flexibility has to be considered in determining the natural sloshing frequencies for a membrane-type closed fish farm. Free-surface non-linearities can matter for sloshing and can, for instance,result in swirling in a certain frequency domain for a closed cage with a vertical symmetry axis.

Solubility prediction of disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as co-solvent using neural network

Nowadays artificial neural networkS （ANNs） with strong ability have been applied widely for prediction of non- linear phenomenon. In this work an optimized ANN with 7 inputs that consist of temperature, pressure, critical temperature, critical pressure, density, molecular weight and acentric factor has been used for solubility predic- tion of three disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide （SC-C02） and ethanol as co-solvent. It was shown how a multi-layer perceptron network can be trained to represent the solubility of disperse dyes in SC-C02. Numeric Sensitivity Analysis and Garson equation were utilized to find out the degree of effectiveness of different input variables on the efficiency of the proposed model. Results showed that our proposed ANN model has correlation coefficient, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient and discrepancy ratio about 0.998, 0.992, and 1.053 respectively.

Characteristic Aerodynamic Loads and Load Effects on the Dynamics of a Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

The development of offshore wind farms in deep water favors floating wind turbine designs, but floating horizontal axis wind turbines are facing the challenge of high cost of energy (CoE). The development of innovative designs to reduce the CoE is thus desirable, such as floating vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). This study demonstrates the characteristics of aerodynamic loads and load effects of a two-bladed floating VAWT supported by a semi-submersible platform. Fully coupled simulations are performed using the time-domain aero-hydro-servo-elastic code SIMO-RIFLEX-AC. It is found that thrust, lateral force, and aerodynamic torque vary considerably and periodically with the rotor azimuth angle. However, the variation in the generator torque can be alleviated to some extent by the control strategy applied. Moreover, the variations of platform motions and tensions in the mooring lines are strongly influenced by turbulent winds, whereas those of tower-base bending moments are not. The tower-base bending moments exhibit notable two-per-revolution (2P) response characteristics. © 2017 Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

Recycling of Glass Fibers from Fiberglass Polyester Waste Composite for the Manufacture of Glass-Ceramic Materials

This work presents the feasibility of reusing a glass fiber resulting from the thermolysis and gasification of waste composites to obtain glass-ceramic tiles. Polyester fiberglass (PFG) waste was treated at 550℃ for 3 h in a 9.6 dm3 thermolytic reactor. This process yielded an oil (≈24 wt%), a gas (≈8 wt%) and a solid residue (≈68 wt%). After the polymer has been removed, the solid residue is heated in air to oxidize residual char and remove surface contamination. The cleaning fibers were converted into glass-ceramic tile. A mixture consisting of 95 wt% of this solid residue and 5% Na2O was melted at 1450℃ to obtain a glass frit. Powder glass samples (<63 μm) was then sintered and crystallized at 1013℃, leading to the formation of wollastonite-plagioclase glass-ceramic materials for architectural applications. Thermal stability and crystallization mechanism have been studied by Differential Thermal Analysis. Mineralogy analyses of the glass-ceramic materials were carried out using X-ray Diffraction.

Hot deformation of Mg-Y-Zn alloy with a low content of the LPSO phase studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction

The compressive deformation behavior of the extruded WZ42(Mg98.5Y1Zn0.5 in at.%)magnesium alloy containing a low amount of long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phase was studied by in-situ synchrotron radiation diffraction technique.Tests were conducted at temperatures between room temperature and 350℃.Detailed microstructure investigation was provided by scanning electron microscopy,particularly the backscattered electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction technique.The results show that twinning lost its dominance and kinking of the LPSO phase became more pronounced with increasing deformation temperature.No cracks of the LPSO phase and no debonding r at the interface between the LPSO phase and the Mg matrix were observed at temperatures above 200℃.At 350℃,the LPSO phase lost its strengthening effect and the deformation of the alloy was mainly realized by the dynamic recrystallization of the Mg matrix.

“黑色”非晶形三价铁羟基氧化物及其对有害物质的吸附(英文)

利用硝酸铁与氨水之间的水解反应,生成了一种新的“黑色”非晶形三价铁羟基氧化物(FeOOH)该物质在室温下稳定,有较高的硬度,其比表面积约为300m2/g,零电荷点(PZC)在pH7～8之间根据Mssbauer谱的鉴定,它具有四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH)的结构特征FeOOH和它与各溶质的表面配合物的X射线光电光谱结果表明,FeOOH与Pb、Zn和CrO2-4之间的反应是物理吸附,而与PO3-4和AsO3-4之间的反应是化学吸附3个阴离子及2个阳离子的吸附等温式结果表明,该三价铁羟基氧化物的吸附能力比常见的铁羟基氧化物强3倍磷酸盐与砷酸盐之间的竞争反应结果表明,磷酸盐与FeOOH的反应比砷酸盐强烈。

ManUfaCturing,Testing and Alignment of Sentinel-2MSl Telescope Mirrors

The ESA Sentinel-2 mission developed by European Aeronautic Defense and Space Compagny （EADS） Astrium will be devoted to Earth high resolution spectral imagery for the purpose of a global environmental monitoring. As a subcontractor of EADS Astrium, AMOS was responsible for the manufacturing of the instrument telescope mirrors and for the validation of the telescope alignment procedure. This paper details the mirror manufacturing sequences from mirror CVD-SiC cladding to surface figuring and coating, outlining the metrology steps and their corresponding accuracy budget. The telescope alignment process is described in connection with the tooling and techniques that helped achieve the required optical performance of less than 90 nm RMS wavefront error within the telescope field of view.Pierre Gloesenet

纳米压印光刻技术——下一代批量生产的光刻技术(英文)

纳米压印光刻技术已被证实是纳米尺寸大面积结构复制的最有前途的下一代技术之一。这种速度快、成本低的方法成为生物化学、μ级流化学、μ-TAS和通信器件制造以及纳米尺寸范围内广泛应用的一种日渐重要的方法,如生物医学、纳米流体学、纳米光学应用、数据存储等领域。由于标准光刻系统的波长限制、巨大的开发工作量、以及高昂的工艺和设备成本,纳米压印光刻技术可能成为主流IC产业中一种真正富有竞争性方法。对细小到亚10nm范围内的极小复制结构,纳米压印技术没有物理极限。从几种纳米压印光刻技术中选择两种前景广阔的方法——热压印光刻(HEL)和紫外压印光刻(UV-NIL)技术给予介绍。两种技术对各种各样的材料以及全部作图的衬底大批量生产提供了快速印制。重点介绍了HEL和UV-NIL两种技术的结果。全片压印尺寸达200mm直径,图形分辨力高,拓展到纳米尺寸范围。