CHALLENGES TO EXiSTING LEGAL SCHEMES Over the last 40 years or so,a complex web of international legal agreements was developed that regulate the access,transfer,and use of plant genetic resources.These include the Co...CHALLENGES TO EXiSTING LEGAL SCHEMES Over the last 40 years or so,a complex web of international legal agreements was developed that regulate the access,transfer,and use of plant genetic resources.These include the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),the Nagoya Protocol,and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources(Figure 1).展开更多
The microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms.To date,however,most microbiome studies have been carried out on individu...The microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms.To date,however,most microbiome studies have been carried out on individual hosts or particular environmental compartments.This greatly limits a comprehensive understanding of the processes and functions performed by the microbiome and its dynamics at an ecosystem level.We propose that the theory and tools of ecosystem ecology be used to investigate the connectivity of microorganisms and their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment within entire ecosystems and to examine their contributions to ecosystem services.Impacts of natural and anthropogenic stressors on ecosystems will likely cause cascading effects on the microbiome and lead to unpredictable outcomes,such as outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases or changes in mutualistic interactions.Despite enormous advances in microbial ecology,we are yet to study microbiomes of ecosystems as a whole.Doing so would establish a new framework for microbiome study:Ecosystem Microbiome Science.The advent and application of molecular and genomic technologies,together with data science and modeling,will accelerate progress in this field.展开更多
文摘CHALLENGES TO EXiSTING LEGAL SCHEMES Over the last 40 years or so,a complex web of international legal agreements was developed that regulate the access,transfer,and use of plant genetic resources.These include the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),the Nagoya Protocol,and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources(Figure 1).
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21936006 and 42021005)the Alliance of International Science Organizations(Grant No.ANSO-PA-2020-18).
文摘The microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms.To date,however,most microbiome studies have been carried out on individual hosts or particular environmental compartments.This greatly limits a comprehensive understanding of the processes and functions performed by the microbiome and its dynamics at an ecosystem level.We propose that the theory and tools of ecosystem ecology be used to investigate the connectivity of microorganisms and their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment within entire ecosystems and to examine their contributions to ecosystem services.Impacts of natural and anthropogenic stressors on ecosystems will likely cause cascading effects on the microbiome and lead to unpredictable outcomes,such as outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases or changes in mutualistic interactions.Despite enormous advances in microbial ecology,we are yet to study microbiomes of ecosystems as a whole.Doing so would establish a new framework for microbiome study:Ecosystem Microbiome Science.The advent and application of molecular and genomic technologies,together with data science and modeling,will accelerate progress in this field.
