BACKGROUNDPeriod poverty is a global health and social issue that needs to be addressed.It has been reported that many females compromise their education,employment,and social commitments during their menstruation day...BACKGROUNDPeriod poverty is a global health and social issue that needs to be addressed.It has been reported that many females compromise their education,employment,and social commitments during their menstruation days due to a number of reasons,including lack of access to toilets or menstrual products.AIM To provide a comprehensive understanding on period poverty,including outcomes associated with menstruation.METHODS All observational and randomised clinical trials reporting menstruation challenges,menstrual poverty and menstrual products were included.Our search strategy included multiple electronic databases of PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,ProQuest and EMBASE.Studies published in a peer review journal in English between the 30th of April 1980 and the 30th of April 2022 were included.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the systematic included studies.Pooled odds ratios(ORs)together with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)are reported overall and for sub-groups.RESULTS A total of 80 studies were systematically selected,where 38 were included in the meta-analysis.Of the 38 studies,28 focused on children and young girls(i.e.,10-24 years old)and 10 included participants with a wider age range of 15-49 years.The prevalence of using disposable sanitary pads was 45%(95%CI:0.35-0.58).The prevalence of menstrual education pre-menarche was 68%(95%CI:0.56-0.82).The prevalence of good menstrual hygiene management(MHM)was 39%(95%CI:0.25-0.61).Women in rural areas(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.13-0.69)were 0.70 times less likely to have good MHM practices than those living in urban areas.CONCLUSION There was a lack of evidence,especially from low-and middle-income countries.Further research to better understand the scope and prevalence of period poverty should be considered.This will enable the development of improved policies to increase access to menstrual products and medical support where necessary.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUNDPeriod poverty is a global health and social issue that needs to be addressed.It has been reported that many females compromise their education,employment,and social commitments during their menstruation days due to a number of reasons,including lack of access to toilets or menstrual products.AIM To provide a comprehensive understanding on period poverty,including outcomes associated with menstruation.METHODS All observational and randomised clinical trials reporting menstruation challenges,menstrual poverty and menstrual products were included.Our search strategy included multiple electronic databases of PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,ProQuest and EMBASE.Studies published in a peer review journal in English between the 30th of April 1980 and the 30th of April 2022 were included.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the systematic included studies.Pooled odds ratios(ORs)together with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)are reported overall and for sub-groups.RESULTS A total of 80 studies were systematically selected,where 38 were included in the meta-analysis.Of the 38 studies,28 focused on children and young girls(i.e.,10-24 years old)and 10 included participants with a wider age range of 15-49 years.The prevalence of using disposable sanitary pads was 45%(95%CI:0.35-0.58).The prevalence of menstrual education pre-menarche was 68%(95%CI:0.56-0.82).The prevalence of good menstrual hygiene management(MHM)was 39%(95%CI:0.25-0.61).Women in rural areas(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.13-0.69)were 0.70 times less likely to have good MHM practices than those living in urban areas.CONCLUSION There was a lack of evidence,especially from low-and middle-income countries.Further research to better understand the scope and prevalence of period poverty should be considered.This will enable the development of improved policies to increase access to menstrual products and medical support where necessary.
基金supported by the National key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC1709500)the National Collaboration Project of Critical Illness by Integrating Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine+8 种基金the Project of Heilongjiang Province Innovation Team “Tou Yan”the Yi-Xun Liu and Xiao-Ke Wu Academician Workstationthe Innovation Team of Reproductive Technique with Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Xuzhou City, ChinaHeilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from the National Clinical Trial BaseHeilongjiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ovary Diseasesthe Research Grant Council (T13-602/21-N, C5045-20EF, and 14122021)Food and Health Bureau in Hong Kong, China (06171026)supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Investigator grant (GNT1176437)travel support from Merck.
