Background: Tuberculin skin test (TST)—is widely used for screening tuberculosis TB in migrants from high endemic countries of Africa and Asia. However, the cut-off point for clinical TB and Mtb infection is not well...Background: Tuberculin skin test (TST)—is widely used for screening tuberculosis TB in migrants from high endemic countries of Africa and Asia. However, the cut-off point for clinical TB and Mtb infection is not well established in TB endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we compared the size of TST induration in smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, their house-hold contacts and community controls in high endemic setting in Ethiopia. Methods: In a health facility-based cross-sectional study, smear positive PTB patients were recruited. Their household contacts traced, and community controls were recruited from neighbourhoods. Sputum sample collected from patients were examined using smear microscopy. Participants were also tested by TST and QuantiFERON? -TB Gold In–Tube test (QFTGIT). Results: From a total of 224 study participants, skin test induration data were available for 48 PTB patients, 88 household contacts and 75 community controls. All 48 patients, 64 (72.2%) of the household contacts and 35 (46.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 10 mm. Moreover, 44 (91.7%) PTB patients, 58 (65.9%) of the household contacts and 26 (34.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 15 mm, respectively. The mean size of TST induration was significantly higher in TB patients (18.1mm) compared to that of household contacts (13.6 mm) and community controls (7.9 mm) (pMtb展开更多
Expansive soils undergo high volume change due to cyclic swelling and shrinkage behavior during the wet and dry seasons.Thus,such problematic soils should be completely avoided or properly treated when encountered as ...Expansive soils undergo high volume change due to cyclic swelling and shrinkage behavior during the wet and dry seasons.Thus,such problematic soils should be completely avoided or properly treated when encountered as subgrade materials.In the present study,the biomedical waste incinerator ash and lime combination was proposed to stabilize expansive soil.Particle size analysis,Atterberg limits,free-swell,compaction,unconfined compression strength,and California bearing ratio tests were conducted on the natural soil and blended with 3%,5%,7%,9%,and 11%biomedical waste incinerator ash(BWIA).The optimum content of BWIA was determined based on the free-swell test results.To further investigate the relative effectiveness of the stabilizer,2%and 3%lime were also added to the optimum soil-BWIA mixture and UCS and CBR tests were also conducted.In addition,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests for representative stabilized samples were also conducted to examine the changes in microfabrics and structural arrangements due to bonding.The addition of BWIA has a promising effect on the index properties and strength of the expansive soil.The strength of the expansive soil significantly increased when it was blended with the optimum content of BWIA amended by 2%and 3%lime.展开更多
Distinguished participants,Ladies and gentlemen,First of all, I would like to thank the management of the Chinese Peoples’Association for Peace and Disarmament(CPAPD) for inviting me to speak at this important day wh...Distinguished participants,Ladies and gentlemen,First of all, I would like to thank the management of the Chinese Peoples’Association for Peace and Disarmament(CPAPD) for inviting me to speak at this important day which is a Commemorative Event for the International Day of Peace 2018.I also would like to use this opportunity to thank the Chinese people for their hospitality and decency.展开更多
文摘Background: Tuberculin skin test (TST)—is widely used for screening tuberculosis TB in migrants from high endemic countries of Africa and Asia. However, the cut-off point for clinical TB and Mtb infection is not well established in TB endemic countries of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we compared the size of TST induration in smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients, their house-hold contacts and community controls in high endemic setting in Ethiopia. Methods: In a health facility-based cross-sectional study, smear positive PTB patients were recruited. Their household contacts traced, and community controls were recruited from neighbourhoods. Sputum sample collected from patients were examined using smear microscopy. Participants were also tested by TST and QuantiFERON? -TB Gold In–Tube test (QFTGIT). Results: From a total of 224 study participants, skin test induration data were available for 48 PTB patients, 88 household contacts and 75 community controls. All 48 patients, 64 (72.2%) of the household contacts and 35 (46.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 10 mm. Moreover, 44 (91.7%) PTB patients, 58 (65.9%) of the household contacts and 26 (34.7%) of the community controls had skin test induration ≥ 15 mm, respectively. The mean size of TST induration was significantly higher in TB patients (18.1mm) compared to that of household contacts (13.6 mm) and community controls (7.9 mm) (pMtb
文摘Expansive soils undergo high volume change due to cyclic swelling and shrinkage behavior during the wet and dry seasons.Thus,such problematic soils should be completely avoided or properly treated when encountered as subgrade materials.In the present study,the biomedical waste incinerator ash and lime combination was proposed to stabilize expansive soil.Particle size analysis,Atterberg limits,free-swell,compaction,unconfined compression strength,and California bearing ratio tests were conducted on the natural soil and blended with 3%,5%,7%,9%,and 11%biomedical waste incinerator ash(BWIA).The optimum content of BWIA was determined based on the free-swell test results.To further investigate the relative effectiveness of the stabilizer,2%and 3%lime were also added to the optimum soil-BWIA mixture and UCS and CBR tests were also conducted.In addition,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests for representative stabilized samples were also conducted to examine the changes in microfabrics and structural arrangements due to bonding.The addition of BWIA has a promising effect on the index properties and strength of the expansive soil.The strength of the expansive soil significantly increased when it was blended with the optimum content of BWIA amended by 2%and 3%lime.
文摘Distinguished participants,Ladies and gentlemen,First of all, I would like to thank the management of the Chinese Peoples’Association for Peace and Disarmament(CPAPD) for inviting me to speak at this important day which is a Commemorative Event for the International Day of Peace 2018.I also would like to use this opportunity to thank the Chinese people for their hospitality and decency.
